DEGREE OF COMPARISON

Read these sentences :

• Rama’s mango is sweet
• Hari’s mango is sweeter than Rama’s
• Govind’s mango is the sweetest of all

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 Degree of Comparison
In the sentences 1, the adjective sweet merely tells us that Rama’s
mango has the quality of sweetness, without saying how much of this
quality it has. (Positive Degree)
In the sentences 2, the adjective sweeter tells us that Hari’s mango,
compared with Rama’s, has more of the quality of sweetness. (
Comperative Degree)
In the sentences 3, the adjective sweetest tells us that of all these
mangoes Govind’s mango has the greatest amount or highest degree
of quality of sweetness. (Superlative Degree)

We thus see that adjectives change in form (sweet, sweeter,

sweetest) to show comparison. They are called the three
Degree of Comparison.
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There are 3 levels for Degrees
of Comparison

• Positive Degree
• Comperative Degree
• Superlative Degree
 Positive Degree
The Positive Degree of an Adjective is the Adjective in
its simple form, it is used to denote the mere existence
of some quality of what we speak about. It is used
when no comparison is made.
Formula :
S + to be + as + V1+ as + O
S + to be + no less + V1 + than + O
S + to be + not more + V1 + than + O

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Examples of Positive Degree

• This girl is as clever as that.

• This girl is no less clever than that.
• That girl is not more clever than this.

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 Comperative Degree
The Comparative Degree of an Adjective denote a higher
degree of the quality than the Positive, and is used when
two things (or sets of things) are compared

Formula:
S + to be + V1 + (er/r/ier) + than + O
S + to be + more + V1 + than + O
S + to be + less + V1 + than + O

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Examples of Comperative Degree

• Rama is stronger than Balu

• Rama is more diligent than Balu
• Balu is less strong than Rama

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 Superlative Degree
The Superlative Degree of an Adjective denotes the highest
degree of the quality, and is used when more than two
things (or sets of things) are compared

Formula :
S + to be + the + V1 + (est/st/iest)
+O
S + to be + the + most + V1 + O
S + to be + the + least + V1 + O
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Examples of Superlative Degree

• Hari is the laziest boy in the class

• Hari is the most diligent boy in the class
• Hari is the least industrious boy in the
class

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 Formation of Comparative and
Superlative
Most Adjectives of one syllable, and some of more
than one, form the Comparative by adding er and the
Superlative by adding est to the Positive.

Positive Comparative Superlative

Sweet Sweeter Sweetest
Small Smaller Smallest
Tall Taller Tallest
Clever Cleverer Cleverest
Young Younger Youngest
Great Greater Greatest
When the Positive ends in e, only r and st are added.
Positive Comperative Superlative
Brave Braver Bravest
Nice Nicer Nicest
Fine Finer Finest
Large Larger Largest

When the Positive ends in y, preceded by a consonant,

the y is changed into i before adding er and est.
Positive Comperative Superlative
Happy Happier Happiest
Easy Easier Easiest
Heavy Heavier Heaviest
Dry Drier Driest
 When the Positive is a word of one syllable and ends in
a single consonant, preceded by a short vowel, this
consonant is doubled before adding er and est.
Positive Comperative Superlative
Big Bigger Biggest
Hot Hotter Hottest
Thin Thinner Thinnest
Sad Sadder Saddest

Adjectives of more than two syllables form the Comparative

and Superlative by putting more and most before the Positive
Positive Comperative Superlative
Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful
Difficult More difficult Most difficult
Famous More famous Most famous
Useful More useful Most useful
 When the Positive ends in y, preceded by a vocal, the y is not
changed into i before adding er and est.
Positive Comperative Superlative
Gay Gayer Gayest
Coy Coyer Coyest
Grey Greyer Greyest

The following take either er and est or more and most :

polite simple gentle feeble narrow

cruel common handsome pleasant stupid

Examples :
She is politer than her sister → She is more polite than her sister
He is the politest of them → He is the most polite of them
 IRREGULAR COMPARISON
The following Adjectives are compared irregulary, that is, their
Comparative and Superlative are not formed from Positive:

Positive Comperative Superlative

Good, well Better Best
Bad, evil, ill Worse Worst
Little Less, lesser Least
Much More Most (quantity)
Many More Most (number)
Late Later, latter Latest, last
Old Older, elder Oldest, eldest
There is a six-word adverbs (adverb) in the form of positive
degrees, but the adjectives (adj) in the form of comparative
and superlative :

Positive Comperative Superlative

Far Farther Fartherst
Neath Nether Nethermost
(Fore) (Foremer) Formest, first
(In) (inner) Inmost, innermost
(Up) (upper) Upmost, uppermost
(Out) Outer, (utter) Utmost, uttermost
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GOOD BYE