Basic Principle of Sanitary and Plumbing Design

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF
SANITARY/ PLUMBING
DESIGN
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SANITARY/ PLUMBING DESIGN
Plumbing is defined as the art and science of installing pipes,

fixtures and other apparatus to convey and supply water in
buildings to dispose and discharge waste water and other
liquids, gases and other substances out of the building in a
safe, orderly, healthy and sanitary way to ensure the health
and sanitation of life and property. (Section 217.6 NPC 1999)
Plumber is a title given to a person who is skilled in the field of ancient Rome.
Plumbarius refers to an individual who worked in the sanitary field of ancient
Rome.
Plumbum on the other hand, meant lead.
Plumbing System includes all potable water supply and distribution pipes,
all plumbing fixtures and traps; all sanitary and storm drainage system;
vent pipes, roof drains, leaders and downspouts, and all building drains
and sewers, including their respective joints and connection; devices,
receptacles, and appurtenances within the property; water lines in the
premises; potable, tap hot and chilled water piping; potable water treating
or using equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and vent for same.
(Sec.217.12 NPC 1999)
PLUMBING HAS TWO MAIN OBJECTIVES
1. To supply water to different parts of the building.

2. To remove and discharge human wastes and other
substances out of building into the public sewer or septic tank.
Conditions for An Effective Water Supply in Building
1. To provide sufficient amount of water to supply

each fixture.
2. To prevent backflow of used water into the
water supply system.
● Drainage System
All the piping within a public or private premise

which conveys sewage, rainwater, or other liquid
wastes to a point of disposal.
MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR A DRAINAGE

SYSTEM
"All drainage system must conform with a set of

requirements enumerated as follows"
1. That, all pipe joints must be well fitted and tightly connected
with each other to prevent leakage of gas and/or liquid.
2. That, the drainage pipe should be graded or inclined

properly for a downward gravity flow of water towards the
main sewer or to the septic tank.
3. That, the drainage pipe should be provided with adequate

cleanout, accessible for repair in case of stoppage.
4. The drainage system must be provided with ventilation pipe that

will convey gases to atmosphere where it can do no harm to
human health.
5. That, except for water closet, each fixture shall be provided with
suitable trap that prevent back flow of gases.
6. That, the drainage system must be vented to avoid siphonage or

back flow of the water seal.
Drainage System
All the piping within a public or private premise which conveys sewage,
rainwater, or other liquid wastes to a point of disposal. DRAINAGE
SYSTEM SHOULD ACCOMPLISHED THE FOLLOWING:
1. Fast removal of the waste with a minimum probability of leakage

and stoppage of drains.
2. To prevent the entry of house vermin and obnoxious gases into

the house from the piping system.
● Domestic Sewage
Includes all wastewater generated by home dwellings, public

restrooms, hotels, restaurants, motels, resorts, schools, places of
worship, sports stadiums, hospitals and other health centers,
apartments and the like. They all produce high volumes of wastewater.
● Non-Domestic sewage
Includes water from floods (stormwater), runoff (rainwater running

through cracks in the ground and into gutters), water from swimming
pools, water from car garages and cleaning centers.
Degrees of Waste Water
1. Storm Water - Water from rain.

2. Grey Water - from laundries, wash basins, sinks, showers,
& bath tubs.
3. Black Water - waste plus human waste both solid and
liquid flushed out of toilet and urinals.
Domestic waste is classified into two types:
1. Solid Waste is being discharged by water closet, and;

2. Liquid Waste coming from the various fixtures.
The Drainage Installation is sometimes referred to as DWV which

means:
D-drainage of solid waste

W-waste coming from various fixtures other than water closet
V-ventilation of the piping system
ELEMENTS OF THE SANITARY

SYSTEM
1. Soil Pipe - any pipe which

conveys the discharge of water
closets, urinals, or fixtures having
similar functions.
2. Stack - a general term used for

any vertical line of soil, waste, or
vent piping.
3. Soil Stack Pipe - a vertical soil

pipe conveying fecal matter and
liquid waste.
4. Stack Vent - an extension of a

soil or waste stack above the
highest horizontal drain
connected to the stack.
5. Vent - a pipe or opening used

for ensuring the circulation of air
in a plumbing system and for
reducing to pressure exerted on
trap seals.
6. Unit Vent - an arrangement of

venting so installed that one vent
pipe will serve two (2) traps.
7. Wet Vent - that portion of a

vent pipe through which liquid
waste flow.
8. Branch - any part of a piping

system other than the main
riser or stack
9. Main - the main of any system of

continuous piping is the principal
artery of the system to which
branches may be connected.
10. Branch Vent - a vent pipe

connecting from a branch of
the drainage system to a vent
stack.
11. Waste Pipe - a pipe which

conveys only liquid wastes free
fecal matter.
12. Drain - a sewer or other pipe

or conduit used for conveying
ground water, surface water,
waste water or sewage.
13. Sewer - a pipe or conduit for

carrying sewage and waste
liquids.
14. Sewage - the liquid wastes

conducted away from
buildings/structures, also of the
storm water.
15. Sewerage - a comprehensive

term, including all construction for
collection, transportation, pumping,
treatment and final disposition of
waste.
16. Cleanout Ferrule - a metallic

sleeve, calked or otherwise,
joined to an opening in a pipe,
into which a plug is screwed that
can be removed for the purpose
of cleaning or examining the
interior of the pipe.
17. Trap - A fitting or device so

constructed as to prevent the
passage of air, gas, and some
vermin through a pipe without
materially affecting the flow of
sewage or waste water through it.
18. House Drain - that part of the

lowest horizontal piping of a
plumbing system which receives
the discharge from soil, waste and
other drainage pipes inside of a
building and conveys it to the
house sewer.
19. House Sewer - the house sewer

is that part of a plumbing system
extending from a point about four (4)
or five (5) feet from the inner face of
the foundation wall of a building to
the junction with another sewer.
20. House Trap- a trap

connected to lowest horizontal
piping or House Drain.
21. Relief Vent a vent the primary

(Fresh Air Inlet) function of which is
to provide circulation of air between
drainage and vent system.
22. Public Sewer - a common

sewer directly controlled by
public authority to which all
abutters have equal rights of
connection.
23. Siphonage - a suction caused by

the flow of liquids in pipes.
24. Spigot-The end of a pipe

which fits into a bell. Also, a word
synonymously with faucet.
25. Seal- The vertical distance

between the dip and crown wire
of a trap.
26. Roughing-In The installation of all

pipes in the plumbing system that are
in partitions and under floors.
27. Finishing-The setting

of fixtures.
28. Sump - a pit or receptacle at a

low point to which the liquid wastes
are drained.
29. Shaft a vertical opening

through a building for elevators,
dumbwaiters, light, ventilation,
etc.
30. Sleeve a sheet metal placed

when concrete is poured to
accommodate future plumbing
pipes.
31. Pipe Chase - an opening or

space to accommodate a group
of pipes.
32. Plumbing Fixtures are installed

receptacles, devices, or appliances
which are supplied with water, or
which receives or discharge into
drainage system which may be
directly or indirect connected.
33. Caulking-Is plugging an

opening with oakum, lead or other
materials, that are pounded into
the place or opening.

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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF

Plumbing is defined as the art and science of installing pipes,

PLUMBING HAS TWO MAIN OBJECTIVES

1. To supply water to different parts of the building.

Conditions for An Effective Water Supply in Building

1. To provide sufficient amount of water to supply

All the piping within a public or private premise

MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR A DRAINAGE

"All drainage system must conform with a set of

2. That, the drainage pipe should be graded or inclined

3. That, the drainage pipe should be provided with adequate

4. The drainage system must be provided with ventilation pipe that

6. That, the drainage system must be vented to avoid siphonage or

1. Fast removal of the waste with a minimum probability of leakage

2. To prevent the entry of house vermin and obnoxious gases into

Includes all wastewater generated by home dwellings, public

Includes water from floods (stormwater), runoff (rainwater running

Degrees of Waste Water

1. Storm Water - Water from rain.

Domestic waste is classified into two types:

1. Solid Waste is being discharged by water closet, and;

The Drainage Installation is sometimes referred to as DWV which

D-drainage of solid waste

ELEMENTS OF THE SANITARY

1. Soil Pipe - any pipe which

2. Stack - a general term used for

3. Soil Stack Pipe - a vertical soil

4. Stack Vent - an extension of a

5. Vent - a pipe or opening used

6. Unit Vent - an arrangement of

7. Wet Vent - that portion of a

8. Branch - any part of a piping

9. Main - the main of any system of

10. Branch Vent - a vent pipe

11. Waste Pipe - a pipe which

12. Drain - a sewer or other pipe

13. Sewer - a pipe or conduit for

14. Sewage - the liquid wastes

15. Sewerage - a comprehensive

16. Cleanout Ferrule - a metallic

17. Trap - A fitting or device so

18. House Drain - that part of the

19. House Sewer - the house sewer

20. House Trap- a trap

21. Relief Vent a vent the primary

22. Public Sewer - a common

23. Siphonage - a suction caused by

24. Spigot-The end of a pipe

25. Seal- The vertical distance

26. Roughing-In The installation of all

27. Finishing-The setting

28. Sump - a pit or receptacle at a

29. Shaft a vertical opening

30. Sleeve a sheet metal placed

31. Pipe Chase - an opening or

32. Plumbing Fixtures are installed

33. Caulking-Is plugging an

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