MARINE AND

COASTAL
PROCESSES
AND THEIR
EFFECTS
 Good day! We are your presenters! 

Caasi, Ramon P. Capoquian, Izzie Pajares, Christian Jed A.

Faye G.

Science Teacher: Michael Ada

Six thousand years ago, the sea level
stabilized as coastal processes driven by
winds, waves, and currents began to form
edges of the coastline. One of the most
influential processes in the creation of
coastal environments today is the
transportation and deposition of
sediments.
Sediments have arrived at the coast
coming from rivers and other bodies of
water. Minute white quartz sand washes
along the North Island’s East Coast black
iron-rich sand is deposited along the West
coast beaches, and gravel from braided
river systems builds up along the east
coast of the South Island.
This presentation will introduce the different
marine and coastal processes which will pave
towards meaningful discussions and realizations
in our surroundings. This aimed in introducing
the coastal processes that result to coastal
erosion, provide practical ways of coping with
coastal erosion and give ways to prevent the
impact of land development, waste disposal, and
construction of structures on control coastal
processes.
At the end of this presentation:

Describe how coastal processes result in

coastal erosion, submersion, and
saltwater intrusion

Identify areas in your community prone

to coastal erosion, submersion, and
saltwater intrusion
Coastal processes occur where
waves break on the shore not
only on ocean or sea coasts but
also to the other water systems
like lakes and ponds. Waves are
formed caused by the winds and
controlled by wind speed. Main
characteristics of waves are
height (amplitude), wavelength,
and wave period
(frequency).
There are two types of waves - the
constructive and the destructive wave.
Constructive waves are small in
height, has a gentle angle and has lesser
energy. Destructive waves are large in
height, sleeper waves, and lot in energy.
These waves also include swash and
backwash. Swash is when rushed up
the beach after a powerful breaks
while backwash is the one of that
returns to the sea and is less powerful.
Constructive vs Destructive
Sand Dunes are formed
during low tide, winds pickup
drying sand and blow it
towards the land. Sand dunes
help maintain the barrier
islands. Unfortunately, most
dunes along the coasts were
flattened for economical
purposes like building roads,
parking areas, and houses, or
to improve views of the sea.
Paoay, Ilocos Norte
COASTAL
PROCESSES
 Hagonoy, Davao Del Sur

HYDRAULIC ACTION
It includes the power of water
 Zambales

ABRASION
Rocks and sand that are thrown against
the coast
 Trapped in small
crevices in the rock
by which causes a
minute explosions
which eventually
shatter the rock
Biri, Northern Samar

COMPRESSED AIR
 ATTRITION
Rocks wearing off each other
 Sila Point, Gamay, Northern Samar

SOLUTION
Salts in seawater dissolving rock especially
the sedimentary rocks
 Waves that bend on
contact with coast,
concentrating its
effects in certain
areas
Scorpion Bay, San Juanico

WAVE REFRACTION
TRANSPORTATIONAL
OR DEPOSITIONAL
COAST PROCESS
The process of deposition and transport
basically consider the conditions like
constructive waves, shelter from strong
winds/currents and gently sloping
beaches to reduce wave energy. For
transport, the main process is longshore
drift or littoral drift.
Longshore Drift
COASTAL
LANDFORMS
DEPOSITIONAL FEATURES
Dominated by deposition of
sediments and reworking by long
shore drift. Coastal deposition
features are often the important
economic benefits such as tourism.
Kalanggaman Island,
Palompon, Leyte
It is an extended
stretch of beach
material that projects
out to sea and is
joined to mainland at
one end.

SPITS
 Offshore barrier islands
are part of the active
beach, built up by the
waves and constantly
shifting by wave and
storm action. These are
typically 0.4 to 4 km and
stand less than 3 above
sea level
BARRIER
 These are wetlands that
are formed where rivers
empty their water and
sediments into another
body of water such as
an ocean, lake or
another river.

Panay River, Roxas City

DELTAS
 Beaches are not only formed
from sand but also can be
made of mud, shingle, and
other stones. In order to
form a beach, it needs a
sheltered area to trap
sediments, long shore drift,
and constructive waves to
Boracay Island, Aklan
deposit beach materials

BEACHES
Thank you so much!
Have a nisea day! 