DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES-II

COMBINED FOOTING DESIGN

 Design of Concrete Structures-II
Introduction

 When a column is located near a property line, part of the single footing might extend into the
neighboring property. To avoid this situation, the column may be placed on one side or edge of
the footing causing eccentric loading. This may not be possible under certain conditions, and
sometimes it is not an economical solution.
 A better design can be achieved by combining the footing with the nearest internal column
footing, forming a combined footing. The center of gravity of the combined footing coincides
with the resultant of the loads on the two columns.
 Another case where combined footings become necessary is when the soil is poor and the footing
of one column overlaps the adjacent footing. The shape of the combined footing may be
rectangular or trapezoidal (Fig.1).
 When the load of the external column near the property line is greater than the load of the
interior column, a trapezoidal footing may be used to keep the centroid of footing in line with
the resultant of the two column loads. In most other cases, a rectangular footing is preferable.
Design of Concrete Structures-II
Introduction

Fig. 1: Combined Footing

 Design of Concrete Structures-II
Analysis Procedure

 The length and width of the combined footing are chosen to the nearest 3 in.,
which may cause a small variation in the uniform pressure under the footing, but
it can be tolerated. For a uniform upward pressure, the footing will deflect, as
shown in Fig. 2.. The design, in general, is based on structural analysis.

Fig. 2: Upward deflection of a

combined footing in two
directions.
 Design of Concrete Structures-II

A simple method of analysis is to treat the footing as a beam in the longitudinal

direction, loaded with uniform upward pressure, qu.
For the transverse direction, it is assumed that the column load is spread over a
width under the column equal to the column width plus d on each side, whenever
that is available.
In other words, the column load acts on a beam under the column within the
footing, which has a maximum width of c+2d and a length equal to the short side
of the footing (Fig. 3).
 A smaller width, down to c+d may be used. The next example explains the design
method in detail.
 Design of Concrete Structures-II

Fig. 3: Analysis of combined footing in the transverse direction

 Design of Concrete Structures-II
Design Example

Problem: Design a rectangular combined footing to support two columns, as shown in Fig. 4. The edge
column, I, has a section 16 × 16 in. and carries a DL of 180 K and an LL of 120 K. The interior column,
II, has a section 20 × 20 in. and carries a DL of 250 K and an LL of 140 K. The allowable soil pressure is 5
ksf and the bottom of the footing is 5 ft below final grade. Design the footing using f ′ c = 4 ksi, fy =60 ksi.
 Design of Concrete Structures-II

 Solution
 STEP 1
 Design of Concrete Structures-II

 STEP 2
 Design of Concrete Structures-II

 STEP 3
 Design of Concrete Structures-II

 STEP 4

(DRAW SFD AND BMD WITH FACTORED LOAD)

 Design of Concrete Structures-II

 STEP 4 (SFD, BMD)

 Design of Concrete Structures-II
 STEP 4 (SFD CALCULATION)
 Design of Concrete Structures-II
 STEP 4 (BMD CALCULATION)
 Design of Concrete Structures-II
 STEP 5
 Design of Concrete Structures-II
 STEP 6
 Design of Concrete Structures-II
 STEP 6
 Design of Concrete Structures-II

 STEP 7

 For reinforcement in the short direction, calculate the bending moment in the
short (transverse) direction, as in the case of single footings.
 The reinforcement under each column is to be placed within a maximum
bandwidth equal to the column width plus twice the effective depth d of the
footing.
 If the distance on any side of the column is less than the effective depth d then
use that value on that side.
 Design of Concrete Structures-II
 STEP 7
 Design of Concrete Structures-II
 STEP 7
 Design of Concrete Structures-II
 STEP 7
 Design of Concrete Structures-II

 STEP 8
 Design of Concrete Structures-II

 DETAILING
Assignment : 2
Assignment 3
A combined footing supports a 24 in x 16 in exterior column carrying a
service dead load of 200 kips and a service live load of 150 kips, plus a 24-
in.-square interior column carrying service loads of 300 kips dead load and
225 kips live load. The distance between the columns is 20 ft, center to
center. For shallow foundations, the allowable soil bearing pressure is 5000
psf at 4’ level. The basement floor is 5 in. thick and supports a live load of
100 psf. The density of the fill above the footing is 140 Ib/ft^3. Design the
footing, assuming that f’c=3000 psi (normal-weight concrete) and fy=60000.
Use the load and resistance factors from ACI Code Sections 9.2 and 9.3.
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