DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A

MULTISTOREY BUILDING
Submitted By Guided by

Arpan Singh Dr. Heaven Singh

801924004 Assistant Professor
 Introduction
 This project describes analyzing and design of a multi storey building.
 The proposed residential building is to be constructed at ambala ,
(Haryana). The proposed building (G+3) will be constructed as RCC
framed structure. The analysis of frames to compute the force and
moment will be carried out with Staad.pro software. The analysis of
structures was done by using Staad.pro software as well as IS 456:2000
code of practice for plain and reinforced cement concrete.
 The structural members like beams, columns, slabs, stairs are designed
with limit state method using national building code and IS 456 2000
grade concrete and grade of steel are to be used.
 This project is to develop independent and creative thinking by using
the knowledge we obtained during the course of study through
practical application.
 AIM
 To plan, analyze & design framed structure of a three
storey building.
 To provide the multi storey building with all the

essential facilities which includes bedroom, toilet,

balcony, stairs etc.
 Description of Building
 Utility: Apartments
 Type of construction: RCC framed structure
 Type of walls: Brick walls
 No of stories: G+3
 Wall thickness: 230 mm
 No of rooms = 4
 No of kitchens = 2
 No of washrooms =2
 Software Used
 AutoCAD :- AutoCAD is a computer aided design
software for the 2D and 3D design of certain objects or
places. Computer aided drafting is widely used in the civil
engineering field because of its ability to plan sites a lot
easier than hand drawings, it can help design a lot of
engineering supplies, and is constantly upgrading.

 STAAD. Pro :- it is a structural analysis and design

software which is widely used to analyze and design
structures for bridges, towers, buildings, transportation,
industrial and utility structures.
Layout of building
 Components

The residential building consists of the following

components:-

 Foundation or Footing.
 Columns.
 Beams.
 Slabs.
 Staircase.
 Footing
 A structure is generally considered to have two main portions :-
a) superstructure and b) substructure.
 The substructure transmits the loads of superstructure to the supporting soil and is
generally termed as the foundation.
 A footing is that portion of the foundation which ultimately delivers the load to the
soil and is in contact with it.
 The object of providing foundation to a structure is to distribute the load to the soil
in such a way that maximum pressure on the soil does not exceed its permissible
bearing value and at the same time settlement is within the permissible limits.
 A foundation is classified as shallow and deep foundation. If the foundation depth
is equal to or less than its width it is termed as shallow foundation and is termed as
deep foundation if depth is greater than the width.
 Pile and well foundations are examples of deep foundation while raft and
combined footing are examples of shallow foundation.
 Combined Footing
 Combined footing supports the load of two or more adjacent columns.
 It is provided under following circumstances:-

i) When the columns are very near to each other so that their footings
overlap.
ii) When the bearing capacity of soil is less, requiring more area under
individual footing.
iii) when the end column is near the property line so that its footing
cannot be spread in that direction.
 It may be rectangular or trapezoidal in plan.
 Rectangular footing is used when the two columns carry equal loads.
 However if one column near the property line carries heavier load provision of
trapezoidal footing becomes essential.
Design procedure-combined footing
 Locate the point of application of the column loads on the footing.
 Proportion the footing such that the resultant of loads passes through the
centre of footing.
 Compute the area of footing such that the allowable soil pressure is not
exceeded.
 Calculate the shear forces and bending moments at the salient points and
hence draw SFD and BMD
 Fix the depth of footing from the maximum bending moment.
 Provide a check for punching shear.
 Calculate the reinforcement in longitudinal direction. The reinforcement
will be placed on the bottom face for sagging bending moment and on
the top face for the hogging moment.
 Check for one way shear is applied. If the shear stress at the point of
contra flexure is more than the permissible shear stress shear
reinforcement is necessary.
 Transverse reinforcement is computed and details are sketched.
 Design parameters
 Column A load = 1225 KN
 Column B load = 1225 KN
 Column A dimension= 450x230 mm
 Column B dimension = 450x230 mm
 c/c distance between columns=3.2 m
 Characteristic strength of concrete= 20
 Characteristic strength of steel = 415
 Slabs
 Slabs are plate elements forming floors and roofs of
building and carrying distributed loads primarily by
flexure.
 Inclined slabs may be used as ramps for multi storey

car parks. A staircase is an example of inclined slab.

 It may be supported by beams or walls and may be

used as the flange of a T or L beam.

 Commonly slabs are of two types :-

One way slab

Two way slab
 One way slab:-
One way slab is supported by beams on the two opposite sides to carry the load
along one direction. If the ratio of longer span to shorter span is equal or greater than
2 it is considered as one way slab. In this type, slab will bend in one direction i.e. in
the direction along its shorter span. However minimum reinforcement known as
distribution steel is provided along the longer span above the main reinforcement to
distribute the load uniformly and to resist temperature and shrinkage stresses.
longer span ≥ 2
Short span

 Two way slab:-

It is supported by beams on all the four sides and the loads are carried by the
supports along both directions. In two way slab the ratio of longer span to shorter
span is less than 2. The slabs are likely to bend along both the directions to the four
supporting edges and hence distribution reinforcement is provided in both the
directions.
Longer span <2
Short span
 Design of two way slab
 Choose layout and type of slab. Type of slab is strongly affected by
architectural and construction considerations.
 Choose slab thickness to control deflection. Also check if thickness is adequate

to shear.
 Choose design method :-

a) Equivalent Frame method- use elastic frame analysis to

compute positive and negative moments.
b) Direct Design method- uses coefficients to compute positive
and negative slab moments.
 Calculate positive and negative moments using IS 456:2000.
 Determine distribution of moments across the width of the slab. Based on

geometry and beam stiffness.

 Design reinforcement for moments computed by equivalent frame or direct

design method.
 Design parameters
 From IS 875 part 2
live load= 3.00 KN/m2
floor finish= 2 KN/m2
 Grade of concrete = M25
 Grade of steel= Fe 415
 Columns
 A column in general may be defined as a member carrying direct axial
load which causes compressive stresses of such magnitude that these
stresses largely control its design.
 A column or strut is a compression member, the effective length of which
exceeds three times the least lateral dimension.
 When a member carrying load is vertical it is called ‘column’, while if it
is inclined or horizontal, it is termed as a ‘strut’.
 Column may be circular, square, rectangular etc in shape.
 Columns are of two types:-
a) Short Column- ratio of effective length to least lateral
dimension is less than twelve.
b) Long Column- ratio of effective length to least lateral
dimension is not less than twelve.
 Design procedure - columns
The design is done in the following steps:-

• Assume steel percentage between 1% to 3% and the number diameter

combination of bars for the same. Assume bars to be placed uniformly all
around the periphery as this arrangement is better for biaxial bending.
Calculate p/fck and (Pu/fckbD).
• Select appropriate chart corresponding to dˈ/D. Draw a horizontal line
from (Pu/fckbD) and continue it till it reaches a point corresponding to
the value of p/fck. Drop a perpendicular on x axis to give the value of
(Mux1 /fckbD2 ). Calculare Mux1. Repeat the process with dˈ/b and obtain
Muy1.
• Calculate Pz using equation:-
Pz= 0.45fckAg+(0.75fy-0.45fck)Ast and hence ratio Pu/Pz.
Also obtain αn.
• Check that ( Mux / Mux1 )αn + ( Muy / Muy1 )αn ≤1. If the equation is satisfied
the section is safe.
 Design parameters
 Size of the column= 230x450mm
 Factored column load P = 1224.766 KN
u
 Mux = 45.459
 Muy = 1.195
 Characteristic strength of concrete = M30
 Characteristic strength of steel = Fe 415
Rc details- column
 Stairs
 A stair is a system of steps by which people
and objects may pass from one level of a
building to another.
 A stair is to be designed to span large vertical

distance by dividing it into smaller vertical

distances, called steps.
 Design procedure
 Effective span of stairs-stair slab may be divided into
two categories i.e. spanning transversely and
spanning longitudinally.
 Live loads are applied by using IS 875 part 2. For

residential buildings live load is taken as 3000 N/m2 .

 Estimation of dead weight- it includes dead weight of

waist slab and dead weight of steps.

 Depth of the section- it may be taken as the minimum

thickness perpendicular to the soffit of the staircase.

Once the depth of section is known area of
reinforcement is calculated along with spacing.
 A check for shear and deflection is provided.
 Design parameters
 Grade of concrete= M25
 Grade of steel= Fe 415
 Live load =3 KN/m2
 Moment coefficient = 0.1
 Shear coefficient = 0.5
Rc details- stair
 Beams
 A beam is a structural element that primarily resists
loads applied laterally to the beams axis.
 Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The
loads applied to the beam result in reaction forces at
the beams support points.
 The total effect of all the forces acting on the beam is
to reduce shear forces and bending moments within
the beam, that in turn induce internal stresses,
strains and deflections of the beam.
 Beams are characterized by their manner of support,
profile(shape of cross section), length, and their
material.
Types of beams
 Plinth beams
 The plinth beam is a reinforced concrete beam
built between the wall and its foundation.
 The plinth beam is provided to prevent the
extension or cracking of the foundation cracks in
the wall above when the foundation suffers from
laying
 Plinth beams evenly distribute the load from the
wall over the foundation.
 In a skeletal system, which is the other name for
a framed structure, the plinth beam is the first
beam to be built after the foundation.
 Design procedure-Beams
 The maximum bending moment for which the beam is
to be designed is determined.
 Moment of resistance is determined by using the

formula Mur =0.36fckbxm (d-0.42xm )

 By equating factored bending moment to the moment

of resistance effective depth of the beam is

determined. With the provision of effective cover total
depth of the beam is determined.
 Area of steel is determined by

Ast= factored B.M / 0.87fy(d-0.42xm ).

 Reinforcement is provided as r.c details are sketched.
 Design parameters
Plinth beam
max factored top B.M = 160 KN m
max factored bottom B.M = 146 KN m
 Floor beam

max factored top B.M = 170.976 KN m

max factored bottom B.M= 151.531 KN m
 Grade of concrete= M20
 Grade of steel= Fe 415
Rc details beam
Thankyou