QUARTER2

ENGLISH FORACADEMICAND
PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
Analyzes the arguments used by
the writer/s in manifestoes
OBJECTIVES:

1.IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT CATEGORIES

OF MANIFESTOES.

2.INFER MEANING FROM ARGUMENTS

Directions: Ponder on the issues below and say whether you agree or disagree. Look for partner and ask to give their reason/s for agreeing or disagreeing on the topics. Using the Venn Diagram, compare and contrast your classmate’s (left) and your reasons (right) for your answer. If you and your classmate have similar answers place it in the middle.
1. Studies first before love life.
2. Social media usage should be controlled .
Where did you base your
reason/s?
Do you need to give strong
reasons for those questions?
Why?
Are you convinced with the
statement in the image? Why or
Why not?

If you were the person in the image,

how are you going to convince
others to have the same views as
yours?
 VOCABULARY LIST
MANIFESTO- A document publicly declaring the position o
program of its issuer. It advances a set if ideas, position, or
views but it can also lay out a plan of action. While it can
address any topic, it most often concerns art, literature, or
politics.

ARGUMENTS- reasons or the reasoning given for a

against a matter under discussion --- compare evidence,
proof.
 VOCABULARY LIST

Argumentative writing. A kind of writing where the

students establish a position in a given topic and then use
evidence to persuade the audience to see things from their
point of view. To write a great argumentatively, the
students first have to investigate several sides of the
argument, which allows them to make an educated stance.
Then, they have to collect evidence, including facts,
statistics, and claims from experts in the topic’s field.
Analyzing an Issue and
Developing an
Argument
Once your topic is selected, you should do
some research on the subject matter. While
you may already have an opinion on your
topic and an idea about which side of the
argument you want to take, you need to
ensure that your position is well supported.
Listing the pro and con sides of the topic will
help you examine your ability to support your
counterclaims, along with a list of supporting
evidence for both sides.
SUPPORT EVIDENCE INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING:
 Read the text below and answer the question.
Most people don’t get enough sleep. We are a society
that burns the candle at both ends, a nation where people
stay up all night to study, work, or have fun. However, going
without adequate sleep carries with it both short- and long-
term consequences.
In the short term, a lack of adequate sleep can affect
judgment, mood, ability to learn and retain information,
and may increase the risk of serious accidents and injury. In
the long term, chronic sleep deprivation may lead to a host
of health problems including obesity, diabetes,
cardiovascular disease, and even early mortality.
 Read the text below and answer the question.
1. What is the main argument discussed in the
text?

2. What are the reasons presented to support the

main claim?

3. Do you agree with the statement above?

 Reading latest articles such as those that are printed on
newspapers and even those that are shown on the television is a
must- to- do thing that you should be concerned of because it
helps you be acquainted with what is happening around you. This
might give you knowledge on the present societal and political
issues such as the dispute between the government and the leftist
and the updates about the COVID- 19 Pandemic. It might also give
you idea on the updates about the trends in literature and the arts.
Also, official statements of essential individuals in our society
must also be given consideration. But how would we know that
you are reading the right thing?
CHANGE
How are these changes carried out
with just the use of written words? -
It is when the author provides
reasons accompanied with
evidences to prove the belief, they
wanted the reader to believe in or
the so- called arguments.
A manifesto is a published declaration of the intentions,
beliefs, motives, or views of someone, be it an individual,
group, political party, or government. It is usually political
(for election purposes) or artistic in nature. However, there
are also other types of manifestos that may or may not
contain an argument like:
— Creeds (religious beliefs)
— Educational manifestos
— Scientific and technological manifestos
— Professional manifestos (pertaining to an individual or
organization)
— Personal manifestos
 REMEMBER

A statement can only be

considered an argument if it
presents proof or evidences,
however if it does not, it is only a
mere opinion.
WHAT IS ARGUMENT?
You may wonder why you need to know about
the word “argument” much more you do not
have to write it in your assignment for it to be
an important part of your task. The kind of
argument we are talking about here is not
what we often used in everyday language
which refers to a heated dispute, a quarrel, a
shouting match to see who wins or not in
making a point.
In academic writing, you can never establish a
point without an argument. In fact, making an
argument—expressing a point of view on a
subject and supporting it with evidence—is the
aim of academic writing. It is a reason or set of
reasons given with the aim of letting others
believe with you that an action or an idea is
right or wrong backed up with evidence to
support it. It has premises and a conclusion
(claim).
Example:

1) “The internet is a good invention because 2) it is a

source of endless information and 3) a hub of
entertainment.”
Conclusion: 1
emise: 2, 3

2) Research has shown that people who do at least 30

minutes a day of vigorous exercise reduce their risk of
heart disease and some forms of cancer.
What is a premise then?

It is a proposition statement in an
argument that rationalizes or
supports the conclusion by
providing some evidence.
The definition of a premise is a statement
or idea which serves as the basis for an
argument. A premise is a powerful concept
and an important element in logical
argument. In a kind of logical argument
called a syllogism, two premises are used
to imply a conclusion. The following
example of a syllogism shows two
premises and a conclusion:
Premise 1: John does not like any sour
things.
Premise 2: All lemons are sour.
Conclusion: John does not like lemons.
Syllogism, and the premises on which
it is based, is a key element
in deductive reasoning. Deductive
reasoning is the process of reasoning
from one or more statements to reach
a logical conclusion. This method of
reasoning is contrasted with inductive
reasoning, in which a conclusion is
reached via observation.
Example: “All mammals are warm-blooded
[major premise]; whales are mammals [minor
premise]; therefore, whales are warm-blooded
[conclusion]."

Example: Nonrenewable resources do not exist

in infinite supply. [premise 1] Coal is a
nonrenewable resource. [premise 2] Coal does
not exist in infinite supply. [conclusion]
 STEPS IN ANALYZING AN ARGUMENT

Briefly note Make a

the main note of the Write
assertion first reason down Underline
(what does the author the most
the writer makes to every important
want me to support his/ other reason
believe or her
do? conclusion. reason.
 TYPES OF ARGUMENTS

ARGUM
DEDUCTIVE ENTS INDUCTIVE
 DEDUCTIVE
For a deductive argument, you start with a premise
that is assumed to be true or correct and there is no
more logical reason than a true premise.

For example, you assume that God exists, and He is

kind, and then determine what would logically
follow from such an assumption. You can begin by
assuming that if you think of it, then it must exist.
With deduction, you can provide absolute proof of your conclusions,
given that your premises are correct. However, remember that the
premises themselves remain unproven and disprovable.
Examples:
 All men are mortal.
Ronald is a man.
Therefore, Ronald is mortal.
*The first two statements are true and the conclusion must be true.

 Bachelors are unmarried men.

Billy is not married.
Therefore, Billy is a bachelor.
 To hold a Bachelor’s degree at Mindanao State
University, a student must earn 120 credits.
Lily has more than 130 credits.
Therefore, Lily has a bachelor’s degree.
 INDUCTIVE
This type of inferences doesn’t have to be true but probably are.
This is most likely the useful and practical argument we can use.

Examples:
● It usually takes me an hour to get to work, so if I leave at 8:00 I’ll
probably get there by 9.
● My best friend advised me not to skip class, and her advice is
usually good, so I’ll follow it.
● True education makes us behave in the most acceptable manner.
If your ways are objectible , you’re not truly educated.
EXERCISE 1
Activity: To Argue or Not To Argue
Sample answer:
(1) We must resist all efforts to allow the government to
censor entertainment. (2) Freedom of speech and
expressions are essential to a democratic form of
government. (3) As soon as we allow some censorship, it
won't be long before censorship will be used to silence
the opinions critical of the government. (4) The next
thing we know, we will have no more freedom than the
Germans did under Hitler.
Answer: YES
Type of manifesto: Professional manifesto
Type of argument: Deductive argument
Conclusion: (2)
Premises: (1), (3), (4)
Start here:
1. Michael Schechter (1) “Reflective writing may help
students become better thinkers. (2) It helps students
realize that ideas are meant to be shared, tackled and
debated. (3) Bob and Jay found that students who did
weekly reflective journal writing about their course
content for a semester could already analyze course
concepts at a deeper level than those who didn’t. Stepcase
Lifehack’s newest contributor
2. Chel Diokno (1) “If given a chance to
make it to the senate, I will make laws that
will improve and speed up the justice
system of our country. For me, (2) lack of
transparency is one of the reasons why
justice is delayed and denied. (3) Under the
current system, it is very hard to secure
SALNs to investigate justices.”
3. BDO

(1) We find ways.

Let Us Remember
Put in mind that when analyzing an argument, you need
to check the premise. If it assumes a true or correct
claim, it uses a deductive argument where the premise
can be supported with a logical reason or concrete
evidence. On the other hand, if a premise can somehow
be true to you at times but not all the times, then an
inductive argument is used. This is mostly true to our
experience but not generally assumed by the world.
QUIZ # 1
QUIZ #1
Directions: Read the following manifestos.
Decide if each of the following passages is an
argument or not. If the passage is not an
argument, explain why, and go to the next item.
If it is an argument, indicate the conclusion,
premise(s), and its type. Simply cite the number
to indicate conclusion and premise/s.
Sample answer:
The Philippines should be given priority for the Corona
Virus Disease (COVID) vaccine due to the increasing
number of cases each day.

Answer:YES
Type of Argument: Inductive Argument
Conclusion: The Philippines should be given priority for
the Corona Virus Disease (COVID) vaccine
Premise: Due to the increasing number of cases each
day
1. Standing up for Education.
(1) This manifesto is an attempt to indicate what
it means to speak educationally for education.
(2) We need to stand up for education. We need
to protect it [3) in order to respond to attacks
and challenges that aim to tie education either to
‘what is’ or to ‘what is not’, either to a present
that is already fully known or to a future that is
already fully determined but always deferred.
2. My Creed.
(1)“I must take my journey with its highs and
lows, joys and sorrows, love and hate, little
procrastination and more hardwork, and faith
and distrust (2)because it is then that when I face
my maker I went through it all and I conquer the
evil with good and be confident that He shall say,
job well done!”
3. A Manifesto for Slow Science In this bold new book,
(1) distinguished philosopher Isabelle Stengers shows that research is
deeply interconnected with broader social interests, which means that
(2) science cannot speedily race in isolation but must learn instead to
slow down. (3) Stengers offers a path to an alternative science, arguing
that researchers should stop seeing themselves as the 'thinking,
rational brain of humanity' and refuse to allow their expertise to be
used to shut down the concerns of the public, or to spread the belief
that scientific progress is inevitable and will resolve all of society's
problems. (4) Rather, science must engage openly and honestly with
an intelligent public and be clear about the kind of knowledge it is
capable of producing.
4. Spiderman “With
great power comes
great responsibility.”
5. Manifesto for the future of work and
organizational psychology. “We have
responsibilities towards individuals: As work
and organizational psychologists, we must
keep the wellbeing of individuals at heart
when doing our research and place it central
in our research questions, above and beyond
business interests.”