ICID - WEF Nexus Model - Icidtemplate

73RD INTERNATIONAL EXECUTIVE COUNCIL MEETING
Theme: Innovation and research in agriculture water management to achieve

sustainable development goals
24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

3-10 October 2022, Adelaide, Australia
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON
“THE WATER ENERGY FOOD NEXUS: IMPLEMENTATION
AND EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS”
04 October 2022: 08:45-10:30 and 11:15 to 13:00 Hours
Adelaide, Australia

Development of Water-Energy-Food Nexus Model for
Basin-Scale Studies
Rajendra Singh
Professor, Agricultural & Food Engineering Department
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
rsingh@agfe.iitkgp.ac.in
www.rsinghiitkgp.co.in
(Co-Authors: Krishna Mondal, Raja Babu Tantuway and

Chandranath Chatterjee)

Outline
Introduction
Objectives
Methodology
Outline
o Study area
o Modelling Framework
o Data
Results
Conclusions

Water-Energy-Food Nexus
Background
P
Hy ump
Th dro ing ti on ater
erm En Water rr iga al W
al E ergy I tu
ne
rgy Vir
Interconnection
WEF-Nexus
Cooking
Food Processing Food
Energy Bioenergy

Current Challenges - India
Population
Unmet Demand (India) Growth
Changes in Consumption Pattern

Increasing Demand
Background
91 million people have

no access to basic water
supply
13% household have no

access to electricity
189.2 million people are

undernourished
Economic
Development

2050 Challenges
World India
9.4-10.2 60% 1.7 32%

Background
billion
people
more
food
billion
people
more Need for
food
a
SYSTEMETIC
WEF-NEXUS
APPROACH
20-30% 50% 30% 50%
more more more more
water energy water energy

WEF Nexus Tools/Models
 46 WEF Nexus Tools/Models (Taguta et al., 2022)

• Developed between 2009-2021
• 61% Unreachable to the intended users
Motivation
• 70% Lack key capabilities like GIS integration and scale

transferability
• Only 28% have been applied by multiple-users
Pardee RAND WEF Q-Nexus

MuSIASEM WEAP-LEAP WEF Nexus tool 2.0 Security Index
(Giampietro (Daher and Mohtar, 2015) (Karnib, 2017)
(SEI, 2012) (Willis et al., 2016)
et al., 2009)
SIM4NEXUS WEF Nexus Index NeFEW WEF Nexus Discovery Map

(Susnik et al., 2018) (Simpson et al., 2020) (Sadegh et al., 2020) (Arenas et al., 2021)
Only Country/National Scale No GIS Interface Water & Energy Centric

WEF Nexus Tools
 Scope to develop a Robust WEF-NexusTool

 Multi-Scale Flexibility/Transferability
 GIS Interface
Motivation
 Adaptability across Users and Uses
 Objectives
 To develop a distributed water-energy-food nexus model for
analysing WEF security at the basin (or any chosen) scale
 To test the performance of the developed model in the
Kangsabati river basin, India

Study area
Location:
87°32´ E and 85°57´ E;
22°18´ N and 23°28´ N

Methodology
Area: 5796 km2
Annual mean rainfall: 1400mm
Min temperature: 13.5ºC
Max temperature: 43.2ºC
Districts: 3 (Purulia, Bankura, West Midnapore)
Blocks (micro administrative units): 24
Cities/Towns: Purulia, Mukutmanipur, Raipur, Midnapore,

Kharagpur

Model Framework
Development
Database
Methodology
Model Development
Modified Pardee RAND WEF
Nexus Index
RSGISLib (Python Module) for RS and GIS

Modifications in Pardee RAND approach
Model Development
Methodology
Water balance equation to Dietary requirement for

Sector-wise water Major types of food
calculate total water availability different age groups
requirement and use production
Renewal energy sources Farmers having access to modern

Solar lift irrigation Hunger Index
farm equipment

Modified Pardee RAND WEF Nexus Index
Model Development
Sector Security Equation Variable definition (unit)
Indicators
Water Availability () = = : water available (m3)
Methodology
() : water requirement (m3)

ETF = ET/P, ET is calculated using the
Hargreaves equation A: geographical area (ha)
P: precipitation (mm)
Water
ETF: evapotranspiration factor

: water required for domestic purposes, crop production, chicken production, meat production,
milk production, egg production, respectively (m3)
Water Accessibility PDS: % population having access to sufficient water for drinking and sanitation
() FSWI: % farmer having access to sufficient water for irrigation
Water Sub-index = : water availability (ratio)

(WSI) : water accessibility (ratio)
Energy Availability = : energy available (kwh)
() energy requirement (kwh)
Energy
TES: total electricity supply (kwh)

TES = TE+SE+HE+WE
TE, SE, HE, WE: thermal, solar, hydropower, wind energy, respectively (kwh)
ME: machinery energy (MJ)
HLE: human labour energy (MJ)
: energy required for domestic purpose, crop production, chicken production, meat production,
milk production, egg production, respectively (kwh)

Modified Pardee RAND WEF Nexus Index
Model Development
Sector Security Equation Variable definition (unit)
Indicators
Energy Pe: % population having access to electricity for household
Energy
Accessibility () Hmf: % household having access to modern fuel

Methodology
Ffe: % farmers having access to modern farm equipment

Fsei: % farmer having access to sufficient electricity for irrigation
Energy Sub-index : energy availability (ratio)

(ESI) : energy accessibility (ratio)
Food Availability () = : food availability (ton)
: food requirement (ton)
Cp, Fp, Chp, Mp, Mlp, Ep: crop production, fish production, chicken production, meat
production, egg production, respectively (ton)
Food
DR: dietary requirement (kg/year)

Pop: population
i: different age group
Food Accessibility FPLI: Food price level index (ratio)

() HI: Hunger index (ratio)
Food Sub-index () : food availability (ratio)
: food accessibility (ratio)
Water-Energy- WEFNI = WSI: Water Sub-index
WEF
Food Nexus Index ESI: Energy Sub-index

FSI: Food Sub-index

Data
Data used for WEF Nexus model simulation (2011)
Data collection for
Data sets Data information Sources Kharif 2022 and
Energy o Population having access to electricity connection in their house West Bengal (WB) Rabi 2022-2023
o Total number of households; Households that have LPG connection Census report
Security
Methodology
o Total electricity supply (thermal, solar, bio and hydro) (kwh)

o 2011; Government
Number of solar and lift irrigation pumps, number of tractors, agriculture worker
o Energy requirement for per unit crop, chicken or meat, egg, milk, electricity production of WB 2011
(kwh/ton)
Food o Agriculture area, aquaculture area (ha) Government of WB

o Total number of farmers, number of farmers having access to modern farm equipment 2011b, WB Census
Security o Number of farmers who benefited per solar and lift irrigation pump report 2011, Global
o Cropping intensity, crop productivity (ton/ha) of different crops (paddy, wheat, maize, potato) Hunger Index 2011,
o Dietary requirement/per capita of different age groups (kg/year) CEIC India data
o Total chicken, meat, egg, and milk production (ton/year)
o Fish production per unit aquaculture area (kg/ha)
o Number of the population under different age groups
o Hunger index, food price level index
Water o Crop water productivity (kg/m3) of different crops (paddy, wheat, maize, potato) WHO 2003,
o Water requirement/capita for domestic purposes (lit/day) Government of WB
Security o Water requirement for per unit production of chicken or meat, egg, milk, electricity (m 3/ton) 2011c, WB Census
o Population having access to sufficient water for domestic purposes report 2011, India
o Annual groundwater storage and draft (m 3) WRIS, NABARD
o Geographical area (ha), rainfall and evapotranspiration (mm) 2018, CAG, 2020

GUI of Developed WEF Nexus model
Results
(a) Start Window

Results
(b) Database Window

Results
(c) Existing Database

Data Preview
Results
(d) Create new database

Results
(e) Execution Window

Results
(f) Output Window

WEF Nexus Indices in Kangsabati River Basin
Results
 Water Sub-index varies from medium to very high  Energy sub-index varies from very low to high
 92% blocks have a high to very high WSI  79% blocks have a high ESI

WEF Nexus Indices in Kangsabati River Basin
Results
 75% blocks have a high to very high WEFNI
 Food Sub-index also varies from medium to very high  Since all blocks have water, energy and food sub-indices greater
than 0.50, it shows that the blocks are on the path to achieving
 70% blocks have a high to very high FSI WEF security

Policy Intervention Needs
Water Sub-index Energy Sub-index Food Sub-index
Results
Aim
Water-Energy-Food Energy-Food Energy Food

Water Sub-index Energy Sub-index Food Sub-index
Water-Energy-Food Energy-Food Energy Food

Policy Analysis Module
• To analyse the impact of policy changes on the WEF sufficiency in a basin
Proposed Module
Scenario Development
Model
Module will seek answers to these

and many such questions

Conclusions
 The developed model analyses water, energy and food

security by generating WEF sub-indices and nexus
Conclusions
index
 The water, energy and food sub-indices, and WEF

nexus index show that the Kangsabati basin is on the
path to achieve WEF security

Thank You
Thanks for your attention
Questions Please!

Conceptual framework for model development
Model Development
Methodology

ub-index Energy Sub-index Food Sub-index
Energy-Food Energy-Food Water-Energy Energy Food


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73RD INTERNATIONAL EXECUTIVE COUNCIL MEETING

Theme: Innovation and research in agriculture water management to achieve

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

(Co-Authors: Krishna Mondal, Raja Babu Tantuway and

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

Changes in Consumption Pattern

91 million people have

13% household have no

189.2 million people are

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

9.4-10.2 60% 1.7 32%

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

 46 WEF Nexus Tools/Models (Taguta et al., 2022)

• 70% Lack key capabilities like GIS integration and scale

Pardee RAND WEF Q-Nexus

SIM4NEXUS WEF Nexus Index NeFEW WEF Nexus Discovery Map

Only Country/National Scale No GIS Interface Water & Energy Centric

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

 Scope to develop a Robust WEF-NexusTool

 Adaptability across Users and Uses

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

87°32´ E and 85°57´ E;

22°18´ N and 23°28´ N

Area: 5796 km2

Annual mean rainfall: 1400mm

Min temperature: 13.5ºC

Max temperature: 43.2ºC

Districts: 3 (Purulia, Bankura, West Midnapore)

Blocks (micro administrative units): 24

Cities/Towns: Purulia, Mukutmanipur, Raipur, Midnapore,

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

RSGISLib (Python Module) for RS and GIS

Water balance equation to Dietary requirement for

Renewal energy sources Farmers having access to modern

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

() : water requirement (m3)

ETF: evapotranspiration factor

Water Sub-index = : water availability (ratio)

TES: total electricity supply (kwh)

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

Accessibility () Hmf: % household having access to modern fuel

Ffe: % farmers having access to modern farm equipment

Energy Sub-index : energy availability (ratio)

DR: dietary requirement (kg/year)

Food Accessibility FPLI: Food price level index (ratio)

Food Nexus Index ESI: Energy Sub-index

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

o Total electricity supply (thermal, solar, bio and hydro) (kwh)

Food o Agriculture area, aquaculture area (ha) Government of WB

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

(a) Start Window

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

(b) Database Window

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

(c) Existing Database

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

(d) Create new database

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting

(e) Execution Window

24th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage & 73 rd IEC Meeting