Hydraulic Fracturing

Baso Rezki
Maulana

SUMBERDAYA ENERGI NON-KONVENSIONAL

DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK GEOLOGI UNHAS
GANJIL 2021/2022
• A geological figure of
pores in shale samples
from the Niutitang Shale.
• The pores contained in the
shale matrix system are
mostly nanopores.
• Sizes of natural fractures Schematic of well layout and processes of gas
in the shale commonly recovering.
range widely from (a) A horizontal well drilled and fractured by multi-stage;
nanoscale to micron-scale. (b) Different SG flow modes during its production;
• In addition, rich kerogen is (c) Geological figure of pores in shale samples
contained in shale, which
causes a considerable
amount of gas adsorption.
• When the reservoir is in the
equilibrium state, the methane
molecule is distributed at the
whole formation, containing free
gas, dissolved gas, and adsorbed
gas.
• The free gas mainly exists in the
natural fractures, while the
dissolved gas and adsorbed gas
remain in the matrix.
• When reservoir pressure is lower
than the critical desorption
pressure and the equilibrium state
is broken, the SG on the matrix
surface begins to desorb, and then
the desorbed SG flows from matrix
to natural fractures.
• During the process, desorption, Flow characteristics of SG desorption in the shale reservoir
diffusion, and percolation are all
occurring.
Scanning electron micrograph of a Barnett Shale surface milled flat using a focused ion
beam (FIB). Scale bar is 1 mm. Porosity is visible within organic maceral, as are nanometer-
scale pores in matrix. Photo from Loucks, R.G., Reed, R.M., Ruppel, S.C., Hammes, H.,
2012. Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for
matrix-related mudrock pores. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 96,
1071e1098, used with permission.
MULTIPLE FRACTURED HORIZONTAL Conceptual model for the MFHW with
WELL (MFWH) FCHW
The discretized models of horizontal well and fractures
Schematic of SG flow in a fracture segment
Air bertekanan dan pasir di dalam fracture

Air ditarik keluar dan

pasir menahan celah
agar tetap terbuka
 A large, “triple” hydraulic drill rig installing a lateral into
the Niobrara Formation at a depth of approximately 8000
ft (2.4 km) in the Denvere-Julesburg basin, eastern
Colorado. Scale is indicated by the stairway and entrance
door of the “dog house” office trailer attached to the side
of the platform and used to operate the rig. A second rig
is visible in the background at left.

Polycrystalline diamond composite drill bit used on the

Niobrara Formation in the Denvere-Julesburg basin, eastern
Colorado. Jets in the hub are designed to flush mud off the
cutting teeth. Coin in the center for scale is 2 cm in diameter.
Hydraulic fracturing operation by Halliburton in Bakken
Formation, North Dakota, USA.

Hydraulic fracturing operation underway on two Marcellus

Shale wellheads in southwestern Pennsylvania. Pump trucks are
on the right, blender and manifold in center, proppant sand in
left background with two men on tank, monitoring and control
trailer to left.
Shale gas and tight oil plays in North America. Much of the current focus is on stacked plays in the
Appalachian, Permian, and Powder River basins and on liquids-rich plays like the Eagle Ford, Bakken, and
Thank
You