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Neutralization Reaction

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Neutralization Reaction

a) To calculate the mass of the mixed solution, we need first to find the total volume:

Total volume = volume of hydroiodic acid + volume of lithium hydroxide Total volume = 94.0

mL + 100 mL Total volume = 194.0 mL

Converting to liters: Total volume = 0.194 L

Now we can use the concentration to find the number of moles of each solution:

Moles of hydroiodic acid = concentration x volume Moles of hydroiodic acid = 2.12 M x 0.094 L

Moles of hydroiodic acid = 0.19928 mol

Moles of lithium hydroxide = concentration x volume Moles of lithium hydroxide = 2.05 M x

0.100 L Moles of lithium hydroxide = 0.205 mol

To find the mass, we can use the formula:

Mass = moles x molar mass

The molar mass of hydroiodic acid (HI) is 127.91 g/mol, and the molar mass of lithium

hydroxide (LiOH) is 23.95 g/mol for Li and 17.01 g/mol for OH.

Mass of hydroiodic acid = 0.19928 mol x 127.91 g/mol Mass of hydroiodic acid = 25.47 g

Mass of lithium hydroxide = 0.205 mol x (23.95 g/mol + 17.01 g/mol) Mass of lithium

hydroxide = 8.14 g

Total mass = mass of hydroiodic acid + mass of lithium hydroxide Total mass = 25.47 g + 8.14 g

Total mass = 33.61 g

Therefore, the mass of the mixed solution is 33.61 g.

b) The reaction between hydroiodic acid and lithium hydroxide produces hydrogen ions

(H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). The number of moles of H+ can be calculated by

multiplying the volume of hydroiodic acid by the concentration of H+:

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Moles of H+ = Concentration of H+ x Volume of hydroiodic acid

Moles of H+ = 2.12 M x 0.0940 L

Moles of H+ = 0.1996 moles

Therefore, the moles of hydrogen ion (H+) is 0.1996 mol.

c) Similarly, the number of moles of OH- can be calculated by multiplying the volume of

lithium hydroxide by the concentration of OH-:

Moles of OH- = Concentration of OH- x Volume of lithium hydroxide

Moles of OH- = 2.05 M x 0.100 L

Moles of OH- = 0.205 moles

Therefore, the moles of hydroxide (OH-) is 0.205 mol.

d) The limiting reactant is the reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction,

thus limiting the amount of product that can be formed. To determine the limiting

reactant, we need to compare the number of moles of H+ and OH-.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydroiodic acid and lithium hydroxide

is: HI + LiOH → H2O + LiI

The stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:1 for both HI and LiOH. Therefore, whichever reactant has

fewer moles compared to the other is the limiting reactant.

Here, the number of moles of H+ (0.1996 mol) is less than the number of moles of OH- (0.205

mol). Therefore, H+ is the limiting reactant.

e) The heat released in the neutralization reaction can be calculated using the formula:

q = C × ΔT

where q is the heat released, C is the calorimeter constant, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

ΔT = final temperature - initial temperature ΔT = 38.9°C - 25°C ΔT = 13.9°C

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Plugging in the values:

q = 14.9 J/°C × 13.9°C q = 207.11 J

To convert J (joules) to kJ (kilojoules), we divide by 1000:

q = 207.11 J ÷ 1000 q = 0.20711 kJ

Therefore, the ΔH neutralization is 0.20711 kJ/mol.