NAME- Aman Ansari / Shishir krishna tripathi

 COURSE-PHARM D (1st YEAR)

 UNDER THE SUPERVISION- MRS. ANILA
 TOPIC- iron (TRACE ELEMENT)
 INTRODUCTION OF IRON
Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It
is a crucial metal due to its abundance and diverse applications. Found in
the Earth's crust, iron is commonly extracted from minerals like hematite
and magnetite. Physically, it is a silvery-gray metal with a relatively high
melting point. Iron's chemical reactivity is notable, as it readily forms
iron oxides, known as rust, when exposed to oxygen and moisture.
Biologically, iron is essential, playing a key role in the structure of
hemoglobin, vital for oxygen transport in blood. Industrially, iron and its
alloys, particularly steel, are widely used in construction, transportation,
and manufacturing due to their strength and versatility. Overall, iron's
prevalence in nature and its significance in various fields make it a
fundamental element
 COMPOSITION OF IRON
 Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe, and its atomic number is 26. In its pure
metallic form, iron has the following composition:
• Symbol: Fe
• Atomic Number: 26
• Atomic Mass: Approximately 55.845 u (unified atomic mass units)
 Iron is a transition metal and is typically found in its ferrous (Fe² ⁺) or ferric (Fe³ ⁺) oxidation
states in various compounds. It readily forms compounds with other elements, and one of the
most common forms is iron oxide, which gives rise to rust. In nature, iron is often found
combined with other elements in minerals and ores, such as hematite (Fe ₂O ₃) and magnetite
(Fe₃O₄).

In industrial applications, iron is commonly alloyed with carbon to form steel, which
enhances its strength and durability. The carbon content in steel can vary, leading to different
types of steel with varying properties. The addition of other elements, such as chromium,
nickel, and manganese, can further modify the properties of steel for specific uses.
 SOURCES OF IRON
 Iron is sourced primarily from iron ores, which are rocks and
minerals that contain iron compounds. The two main types of iron
ores are hematite (Fe₂O₃) and magnetite (Fe₃O₄). These ores are
abundant in the Earth's crust, and large deposits can be found
globally. Here's a brief overview of the two main sources:
 Hematite (Fe₂O₃):
• Hematite is one of the most common iron ores and often appears
as a silver to black, metallic-looking mineral.
 Magnetite (Fe₃O₄):
• Magnetite is another important source of iron and is known for its
magnetic properties.
 ADVANTAGES OF COPPER
1.Oxygen Transport and Hemoglobin
2.Prevention of Anemia
3.Energy Metabolism
4.Immune System Function
5.Cognitive Development
6.Temperature Regulation
7.Pregnancy and Fetal Development
8.Wound Healing
APPLICATIONS OF COPPER
1. Construction: Iron is vital for building structures, bridges, and
infrastructure.
2. Automotive Industry: Used in automobiles for structural
components.
3. Machinery and Equipment: Essential in manufacturing various
machinery.
4. Transportation: Found in railroads, ships, and aircraft for
strength and reliability.
5. Energy Infrastructure: Used in power plants, pipelines, and
transmission towers.
6. Consumer Goods: Present in appliances, tools, and packaging
materials.
Medical Equipment: Used in surgical instruments and medical
devices.
Technology and Electronics: Present in computers, smartphones,
and electronic gadgets.
Agriculture: Utilized in farming machinery like tractors and plows.
Food Fortification: Added to food products to address nutritional
deficiencies.
Water Treatment: Used in processes to remove impurities from
drinking water.
Recycling Industry: Highly recyclable, contributing to sustainable
manufacturing.
Art and Sculpture: Used in artistic creations and sculptures.
Defense and Security: Essential for military equipment and
infrastructure.
 SUPPLEMENTS OF IRON
• Types: Ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and ferric citrate are common forms.
• Absorption Factors: Influenced by dietary components; vitamin C enhances, while calcium
and tannins can inhibit absorption.
• Dosage and Timing: Dosage depends on deficiency; can be taken on an empty stomach or
with food to reduce side effects.
• Side Effects: Common ones include constipation, nausea, and stomach discomfort.
• Medical Advice: Consult a healthcare professional before starting; excessive iron intake can
be harmful.
• Duration of Use: Typically used until iron levels normalize; prolonged use may be needed in
certain conditions.
• Combatting Anemia: Supports the production of hemoglobin and red blood cells, addressing
iron-deficiency anemia.
• Dietary Sources: Include red meat, poultry, fish, beans, lentils, fortified cereals, and leafy
green vegetables.
Thank you