REVIEW ON THE EFFECT OF NOZZLE

DESIGN ON JET PUMP PERFORMANCE

Prepared by :Sagar Patel

Guided by : Mr.Brijesh Naik
 Jet Pump Schematic Diagram

• Increases practical suction lift

by diverting part of the pump
discharge to the ejector on the lift pipe
• The greater the suction lift,
the greater the percentage of
discharge water must be diverted

• Maximum practical lift is

limited to approximately 200
feet by economics
 Objective
• Effective nozzle design
to increase maximum
suction lift of water jet
pump
 Maximum suction lift of water jet pumps†(2010)
Iran E. Lima Neto

• This paper describes an experimental study on water jet pumps

with different diameters and nozzle-to-throat area ratios.
The results revealed that the area ratio was an
important parameter to characterize the
maximum suction lift of the jet pumps, while
their diameters had a negligible effect.
 Effect of design and operational parameters on jet pump performance.(2006)
A.H. HAMMOUD

• The experimental rig was constructed in such a way it can be used

with up feed (negative suction head) or down feed (positive
suction head).
• The effect of nozzle-to-throat spacing to nozzle diameter ratio “X”,
on the jet pump performance was also tested, with different flow
rates and motive pressures, in both cases.
• The test was repeated for different driving pressures of the
centrifugal pump from 3 to 1.5 steps of 0.5 bars and for different
nozzle-to-throat spacing to nozzle diameter ratio “X” = 1, 1.25, 1.5
and 1.75 .
• The optimum value for motive fluid pressure at nozzle-to-throat
spacing to nozzle diameter ratio “X” of 1.25 is about 1.5 bar when
lifting water.
Experimental Analysis on Multi Hole Nozzle Jet Pump(2013)
Jagadeshwar Kandula

 Jet pump with multihole nozzle having smaller No. of holes

with smaller PCD and smaller mixing tube diameter gives
higher efficiency.
• In the range of experiments conducted highest maximum
efficiency was obtained for an area ratio of 0.43 with 2 holes
on 13 PCD with 25.9 mm mixing tube.
 Influence of nozzle exit tip thickness on the
performance and flow field of jet pump†
Xinping LONG1,2,*, Ning HAN1 and Qian CHEN1

• The influence of exit tip thickness of nozzle δe on the flow

field and performance of a jet pump was studied numerically
in this paper. It is found that δe has influence on the
distribution of turbulence kinetic energy k.
• It is found that δe affect greatly the development of tip vortex
near the tip of nozzle, the distribution of turbulence kinetic
energy and the backflow that might be occur in some working
status.
• Although δe alters the flow field within throat tube, it exerts
only a little influence on the performance of jet pump. When
δe=0.2-0.6mm, the jet pump possess better performance.
Experimental setup for performance characterization of a jet
pump with varying angles of placement and depth
Rit Nanda • Shashank Gupta • Ajit Kumar N Shukla

• The performance of a jet pump is different for different cases

as the parameters affecting it are the depth and the angle of
placement. These aspects with respect to the working of the jet
pump need to be investigated and demonstrated
• The experimental setup so assembled was successful in
creating a system by which the performance of the jet pump
was characterized at different angles of placement and depth.
• The range of variation of flow at vertical position to horizontal
position changed the discharge flow rate from 0.308 to 0.252
l/s which is order of 22% increase. The efficiency was a
maximum of 46% when jet pump was placed vertically. It
dropped to 42% at 45 when placed at greater depth.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF WATER JET PUMP USED
TO SUCK UP FLOATING OILS
A. El-Sawaf1, M.A. Halawa2, M. A. Younes3, M.A.Hashim4
• This research covers the experimental results obtained in the current
work. A set of experiments were carried out to study the effect of
some parameters on the performance of jet pump used to suck up
floating oils.
• These parameters such as: area ratio, distance between the end of
driving nozzle to the beginning of mixing chamber, one mixing
chamber was used with 25.4 mm diameter Also, diffuser outlet angle
In addition, the experimental study also includes the performance of
the jet pump at different driving pressure.
• It has been shown that the jet pump works satisfactory with an
optimum efficiency at driving pressure of 1 bar, distance 1 of
driving nozzle diameter, diffuser angle 5.5° and area ratio 0.22.
 CFD modelling of a jet pump with
circumferential nozzles for large flow rates
E. Lisowski a,*, H. Momeni b

• Presented in this paper CFD simulations allowed to obtain

information about flow phenomena appearing during pump
operation as well as assess an influence of modification of
motive nozzle on head pressure.
• Presented in the paper two solutions of jet pump motive nozzle
significantly allowed to increase pumping height up to 45%.
• Used CFD tool Ansys CFX code appeared to be an efficient
tool in modeling of jet pump. Presented modification in the
paper shown that with modifications of nozzle geometry is
possible to increasing pump head pressure.
 TESTS OF JET PUMP OPERATING
UNDER HEAD OF 300 M
By Hu Peicheng,1 Luo Ruyun,2 Li Xianqing,3
Wu Zhongfa,4 and Abdel F. Elkouh5

• In this study a large number of tests on jet pumps with

operating heads between 330 and 250 M have been conducted
• On the basis of the large number of tests conducted, the
writers have come to the conclusion that a maximum
discharge efficiency -n of about 20% was obtained when the
jet pump operated under a head of 300 M.
• The optimum sizes of the jet pump used are specific area R =
10; circular-cone shape of throat pipe with cone angle of 12°;
specific distance between nozzle outlet and inlet of mixing
chamber s = 2.2-2.7; and lower suction velocity V2
 EFFICIENCY OF JET PUMPS
By S. H. Winoto,1 H. Li,2 and D. A. Shah3

• A theoretical analysis and an experimental study on the efficiency

of water jet pumps, where water is used for both the primary and
secondary flows, are presented in this paper. The theoretical
efficiency equations for such jet pumps were first derived based on
one-dimensional formulation, and the theoretical maximum ideal
efficiency of 100% was obtained.
• The effects of different area ratios of nozzle to mixing throat as
well as different nozzle cross sections, which include square and
triangular nozzles, on the jet pump performance were then
investigated.
• The best nozzle cross section for the jet pump was found to be
circular, and for high efficiency, the area ratio was found to be
around 0.30.
 Study of the Different Factors That Influence Jet Pump Performance
A. A. Saker, H. Z. Hassan

• The objective of this work is to study experimentally the

characteristics of jet pump. Suction head, driving air pressure
and the percentage of the distance between throat section and
nozzle are recorded. The effect of each parameter on the pump
performance is investigated, in order to have a better
understanding about the behavior of such pump under various
conditions.
• Increasing Hs leads to increase in ṁw for the same ṁa. But
the optimum performance is at S/Dth = 0.5
 Effect of Various Nozzle Profiles on
Performance of a Two Phase Flow Jet Pump
Vishnu Prasad Sharma, S. Kumaraswamy, and A. Mani

• For this purpose a two-phase flow jet pump was used

employing various profiles of nozzles as the primary device
which was designed,fabricated and used along with the
combination of mixing tube and diffuser. The profiles
employed were circular, conical, and elliptical.The diameter of
the nozzle used was 4 mm. The area ratio of the jet pump was
0.16.
• On the basis of the results discussed in present study, this can
be concluded that, for the existing test setup, a two phase flow
jet pump with a 4 mm diameter of nozzle as a primary device
having elliptical profile can be sized for the best performance
at higher primary water flow rates.
 PERFORMANCE OF A CENTRAL-TYPE JET PUMP
II- EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON WATER FLOW
EL-Otla, F. M.*, EL-Sawaf, I. A.* and EL-Ghandour, M.**

• This paper deals with the effect of changing some design parameters on
the performance of central-type jet pump when handling water. The
parameters tested such as the area ratio between driving nozzle and mixing
chamber, the distance between the driving nozzle exit and the beginning of
the mixing chamber, the suction inlet shape, the suction nozzle semi cone
angle and the mixing chamber length.
• The nozzle distance ratios of 1.0, 1.0 and 1.5 gives the highest efficiency
values for jet pump of the following area ratios of 0.3265, 0.2156 and
0.1276 respectively. However, the variation of the nozzle distance ratio
from 1.0 to 2.0 has a small influence on jet pump efficiency.
• The area ratio of 0.3265 gives the best efficiency while the area ratio of
0.1276 gives the worst efficiency. The highest efficiency of 33.38% was
achieved at area ratio of 0.3265, 31.19% at area ratio of 0.2156 and
22.49% at area ratio of 0.1276,respectively.
• The suction nozzle with a semi cone angle of 15 deg had better
efficiency than that of suction nozzle with a semi cone angle
of 20deg, for all area ratios tested.
• The highest efficiency achieved was corresponding to the
following jet pump combination parts: bend suction inlet;
mixing chamber with length ratio of 7.85, suction nozzle semi
cone angle of 15o and nozzle distance ratio of 1.0 for all area
ratios tested, except that of 0.1276 area ratio which gives
highest efficiency for a nozzle distance ratio of 1.5.
Performance comparison and erosion prediction of jet pumps
by using a numerical method
Song, Joon-HongXue-Guan Park, Seung-Gyu Kim, Young-Chul Park

• The improvement of the jet pump’s efficiency brings

economic advantages. In this study,the commercial software
ANSYS CFX is firstly employed to investigate and compare
the performance of a newly designed jet pump with two
classical types.
• Performances such as mass flow ratio, pressure ratio and
efficiency are compared at three types of working condition.
• It’s found that the newly designed type of jet pump has the
best performance under the designed working condition.
 Axial nozzle

Annular suction
nozzle

L shape
nozzle
 Investigation on mechanism of critical cavitating flow in
liquid jet pumps under operating limits
X. Long a,*, H. Yao a,b, J. Zhao c

• The critical cavitating flow in liquid jet pumps under operating

limits is investigated in this paper. Measurements on the axial
pressure distribution along the wall of jet pumps indicate that
two-phase critical flow occurs in the throat pipe under
operating limits.
•In the present paper, flow patterns in the throat
pipe of liquid jet pumps under operating limit
are observed, while the axial pressure
distribution along the wall of jet pumps are also
measured.
•Based on the analysis of the observations and
the calculations of the distributions of the Mach
number, it can be concluded that the critical
liquid–vapour two-phase flow will occur when
a jet pump works under the operating limit.
•In this situation, the velocity of mixed flow
reaches the corresponding sound velocity.
That’s the reason why the outlet flow rate
remains unchanged with the decrease of outlet
pressure under a certain driving pressure when
operating limits occurs.
Experimental and numerical studies of the effect of area ratio
and driving pressure on the performance of water and slurry
jet pumps
Tarek Meakhail1 and Ibrahim Teaima2
• The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of
water and slurry jet pumps. The effects of the pump-operating
conditions and geometries on its performance were
investigated.
• The experimental rig was constructed in such a way that the
driving nozzle diameter can be changed. In this study, three
different diameters of driving nozzles, 10, 12.7, and 16 mm,
have been used with one mixing chamber of 25.4mm diameter
(i.e. three different area ratios of R¼0.155, 0.25, and 0.4).
Also, the effect of driving pressure has been investigated.
• The area ratio of 0.25 gives the maximum highest efficiency
and that of 0.155 gives the minimum highest efficiency.