CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS

A SIWES PRESENTED
BY

EKEZIE WISDOM C.

MAT NO: 2018/115798/REGULAR

JUNE 2023
INTRODUCTION
Cerebrospinal meningitis, also known as bacterial meningitis, is a
serious infection that affects the protective membranes covering the
brain and spinal cord. It is caused by various bacteria, with the most
common culprits being Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus
pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.
Concept of the Study
Definition: This is the inflammation of the meninges of both the
brain and the spinal cord. (Becker, 2018).
Causes of Cerebrospinal Meningitis
• Bacteria such as meningococcus, pneumococcus
• Viruses such as mumps and rhino virus.
• Fungi
• Autoimmune disorders
• Cancer medications
• Syphilis
• Tuberculosis
Risk Factors
• Age (infants, children, and young adults)
• Weakened immune system
• Crowded living conditions
• Exposure to infected individuals
• Community outbreaks
• Lack of vaccination
Clinical Manifestations
• Confusion

• Fever

• Headache

• Numbness in your face

• Sensitivity to light

• Nuchal rigidity

• Upset stomach or vomiting

• Severe headache with nausea or vomiting

• Seizures

• Somnolensce

• Lack of appetite
Investigations
• Blood test
• CT-scan
• MRI
• Spinal tap to examine CSF
• Physical examination

Medical Management
• NSAIDs such as aspirin
• Corticosteroids e.g. prednisolone
• Antibiotics e.g. Benzyl Penicillin
 NURSING MANAGEMENT FOR CEREBROSPINAL
MENINGITIS
• Admit in a calm environment to prevent agitation which may cause
an increased cranial pressure
• Darken the room if photophobia is present
• Strict isolation
• Tube feeding if unconscious spoon feeding if conscious and can
swallow 8. High protein with increased fluid orally or IV and
increased vitamins
• Antibiotics for bacterial meningitis such as benzyl, penicillin,
ampicillin, vitamin initiated immediately after taking blood
cultures.
• Diuretics to reduce cerebral and fever
• Antipyretics for headache and fever
• Corticosteroids and hyperosmolar agents to minimize
inflammation
Prevention of Cerebrospinal Meningitis
To prevent meningitis:
• Get vaccinated against meningococcal, pneumococcal,
haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and MMR (measles, mumps,
rubella)
• Practice good hygiene, including regular handwashing and
avoiding close contact with sick individuals
• Maintain a healthy immune system through a balanced diet,
exercise adequate sleep, and stress management.
• Take preventive measures against respiratory infections and
sexually transmitted infections.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, meningitis presents with symptoms such as severe
headaches high fever, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, and confusion.
Prompt medical attention is crucial for diagnosis and appropriate
management. Treatment typically involves administering antibiotics
or antiviral medications, managing symptoms and providing
supportive care. Nurses play a vital role in monitoring and
managing these symptoms implementing infection control
measures, providing pain relief, and educating patients and families
about the condition and its management.
THANKS FOR LISTENING