Lecture 2A

Evolution in Action:
HIV

Biology 1001A – Fall 2021

 Lecture 2A

Evolution in Action:
HIV

Biology 1001A – Fall 2021

 Lecture 2A

Evolution in Action:
HIV

Biology 1001A – Fall 2021

 Lecture 2A

Evolution in Action:
HIV

Biology 1001A – Fall 2021

 In 2020…
• 38 million people were living with HIV
• 1.5 million people became newly infected
• 680 000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses

Since the start of the epidemic (1981)

• 75.7 million people had become infected
• 32.7 million people have died
• AIDS-related mortality has declined by 39 % since 2010
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) / AIDS
 Lecture 2A

Evolution in Action:
& SARS-COV-2
HIV

Biology 1001A – Fall 2021

To learn from lecture 2:

• What are viruses?

• Evolutionary origins of HIV
• Evolution of drug resistance in HIV
• Principles underlying evolution by natural
selection:
 mutation, variation, heredity, non-random survival
(selection),
change in the genetic composition of the population
 CELLULAR LIFE
Eukaryotes
Bacteria and Archaea (eukaryotic cells)
(prokaryotic cells)
 VIRUSES
not made of cells, not cellular

bacteriophage HIV Megavirus Ebola

• protein shell with nucleic acid genome inside
- can be DNA or RNA, single or double stranded
• some are surrounded by a lipid envelope
• obligate parasites
 VIRUSES
not made of cells, not cellular

bacteriophage HIV Megavirus Ebola

• protein shell with nucleic acid genome inside
retrovirus - can be DNA or RNA
ssRNA • some are surrounded by a lipid envelope
• obligate parasites
 VIRUSES
not made of cells, not cellular

coronaviruses

bacteriophage HIV Megavirus Ebola

• protein shell with nucleic acid genome inside
retrovirus - can be DNA or RNA
ssRNA
ssRNA • some are surrounded by a lipid envelope
+strand
rev. trans. • obligate parasites
What do viruses and cells have in
common? Select all that apply.

A. Nucleic acid genomes

B. Genes that encode proteins

C. Lipid cell/plasma membranes

D. Nucleus

E. They evolve