Welcome to

ENGLISH PHONETICS AND

PHONOLOGY
Aisyah Hamidiyah
2021
THE COURSE
The objectives of the course:
Students are able to understand and
comprehend the concepts of phonetics
and phonology able to apply it in the
teaching learning activity.

 Assessment:
1. Assignments 20%
2. Mid-test 40%
3. Final test 40%
INTRODUCTION
 Phonology is the science of speech sounds and sound
patterns. As languages have their own sound patterns.
 Phonetics points up facts about how sounds are made
and gives name to these facts.
 Phonetic classes are relevant to the statement of
phonological rules.
DEFINITION
PHONETICS
 The general study of the characteristics of speech
sounds. (Yule. G, 2006:30)
 The study of phonic medium (Lyons. J, 1981:66)

 Deals with the sounds of spoken language: how they are

made, how they are classified, how they are combined
with each other and how they interact with each other
when they are combined, how they are perceived.
(Bauer. L, 2007:12)
 Articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics, auditory
phonetics.
PHONOLOGY
 The study how speech form patterns (Fromkin, et al,
2011:227)
 Deals with the systems which incorporate the sounds, the
structures the sounds can enter into (e.x.syllables and
intonational phrases), and the generalization that can be
made about sound structures in individual languages or
across languages. (Bauer. L, 2007:12)
WHY DO WE HAVE TO STUDY
PHONOLOGY?
 An insightful description of the phonological system of a
language can be valuable to a teacher of that language.
 May help instructors by allowing them to take certain
aspects of phonology for granted in any language.
 Good phonological aspect descriptions of the native
language and of the target language can enable teachers
to study the two languages contrastively.
 AREAS OF AGREEMENT
 Sounds in themselves are meaningless
 But within the structure of a language, either alone or in
combination with others, sounds can carry meaning
 Each language has an ‘inventory’ of sounds, selected
from the whole range possible human noises, which is
(may be) different from the inventories of other
languages
 There are patterns in the organizations of phonic substance,
which vary from language to language: constraint on the
distribution of sounds, predictability of certain sounds in
certain position
 Two languages may have the same sounds types, but use
them differently with respect to semantic distinctiveness
 There are cases where sound distribution seems to be
implicated in morphosyntactics structure
 There are limits to the number of sound types that can be
used in human language
 There exists a reasonable phonetic taxonomy
(classification), including such items as places of
articulation, airstream, positions of the velum, states of the
glottis, etc, which can be used to classify the sounds that
occur in languages
 Only certain sounds that humans do make are ‘linguistic’:
laughs, belches, grunts, shrieks, are not linguistic items
(even if their use can carry meaning of a sort)
 Thank you