“PHONOLOGY”

Group 7

Asmaul Husna
(0304213070)
Azura
(0304213108)
Sania Oktavia Nasution
(0304213088)
Siti Sholikhah
(0304213041)
 CONTENTS

Purpose
Definition Language a Structures
study
of the nd Dialect of
phonology
Phonology
 Definition of the
phonology
Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized used in
natural langauges. Phonology is just one several aspects of
language. It is related to other aspects such as phonetics,
morphology, syntax, and pragmatics. Phonology describes the
way sounds function within a given language and operates at
the level of sound systems and abstract sound units. Knowing
the sounds of a language is only a small part of phonology.
 Language and Dialect

A dialect is generally a particular form of a

language which is specific to a region or social
group and usually has differences in
pronunciation, grammar, syntax and
vocabulary. It's still a bit fuzzy to understand
because dialects can be spoken by people living
in one particular town or by a whole nation.It’s
often difficult to tell the difference between
languages and dialects.In fact, it’s such a grey
area that even linguists find it hard to agree
on. 
 The key differences
between languages and
dialects :
1.Languages are communication system
‘Language’ is the general umbrella term to describe
a communication system that uses a set of words
and a specific method to combine them.
2. Politics, history and culture are often
factors
Not all of what we might think are “languages” are
officially considered so.
For example:
Hindi and Urdu are regarded as separate languages because they
are the languages of two different nations (India and Pakistan
respectively), even though they are linguistically very similar.
3.There’s a whole spectrum of dialects
A dialect is generally a particular form of a language which
is specific to a region or social group and usually has
differences in pronunciation, grammar, syntax and
The two main types of dialects are:
A.Linguistic dialects
These are varieties of a language that are considered mutually
intelligible.
B.Sociopolitical dialects
These are languages that, for social, political, or cultural reasons are
considered to be less important when compared to a more standard
language.
A example of this is in Italy, where the official language spoken is
Standard Italian.There are lots of other, non-standard languages like
Romanesco and Occitano, which are considered Italian dialects.
So accent is a distinct way of pronouncing a language, especially one associated
with a particular country, region or even social class. Here’s an example:
In the north of England, people pronounce the word “grass” with a
short vowel, while people in the south of England are likely to say it
Purpose study
phonology
Problems in learning the second language are mostly caused by
differencesin the language systems of the two languages. In this
subject, students are recommended toknowthe basic knowledge of
sound productions such as vowels and consonants, including the
symbols and the ways to produce those different sounds. In each
part, studies are focused on how the vowels andtheconsonants are
produced by the speech organ and how different the ways of
producing one sound to another. Each sound has a certain symbol
which shouldberecognized in order to differentiate the sounds. In
English, there are 24 consonants and 11 vowels; each of
themhasdifferent symbols. The consonants are /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/,
/g/, /f/, /v/, /ð/, /θ/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /h/, tʃ/, dʒ/, /m/, /n/, /η/, /w/, /r/,
and /y/, whereas the vowels are /i:/, /ɪ/, /e/, /ɛ/,/ӕ/,/ә/, /u:/, /u/, /ɔ/, /o/,
and /a/
he purpose of phonology is to understand how the human brain
organizes speech sounds. Phonology also determines the significance
of each speech sound within a language or across languages.
Structures of
phonology

Phonology deals with sound structure

in individual languages: the way
distinctions in sound are used to
differentiate linguistic items, and the
ways in which the sound structure of
the 'same' element varies as a
function of the other sounds in its
context.
 Conclusion
Phonology tells us about using language or dialects in systematically
and organizing heir sounds as a sign language. This course is
designed to provide students with introductory knowledge of
language and linguistics; language as a reflection of the structure of
the human mind and human culture, the various levels of linguistic
structure (phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics),
language use (pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics),
language as a social phenomenon (dialects, language change, taboos,
language and sex roles) and language universals. The students are
expected to apply linguistic knowledge in their academic/professional
spheres and to do mini-research using ICT.
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION