CELL CYCLE

Prepared by: Dr. Zareen Ashraf

 Mitosis and Meiosis
• Mitosis:
-division of somatic (body) cells

• Meiosis
-division of gametes (sex cells)
 Mitosis
• the process by which cells reproduce
themselves, resulting in daughter cells that
contain the same amount of genetic material as
the parent cell. It has following stages:
• Interphase

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase
 Interphase
• Interesting things happen!
1. Cell preparing to divide
2. Genetic material doubles
 Interphase
• G1- cell grows, normal
funtion of life.
• S-Phase: DNA replicates.
• G2 : cell grows & prepares
for mitosis.
 Prophase
• Chromosome pair up!
1. Chromosomes thicken and shorten
-become visible
-2 chromatids joined by a centromere
2. Centrioles move to the opposite sides of
the nucleus
3. Nucleolus disappears
4. Nuclear membrane disintegrate
 Metaphase
• Chromosomes meet in the middle!
1. Chromosomes arrange at equator of
cell
2. Become attached to spindle fibres
by centromeres
3. Homologous chromosomes do not
associate
 Anaphase
• Chromosomes get pulled apart
1. Spindle fibres contract pulling
chromatids to the opposite poles of
the cell
 Telephase
• Now there are two!
1. Chromosomes uncoil
2. Spindle fibres disintegrate
3. Centrioles replicate
4. Nucleur membrane forms
5. Cell divides
 Meiosis
• 4 daughter cells produced
• Each daughter cell has half the
chromosomes of the parent
• 2 sets of cell division involved
 Meiosis
• Daughter cells contain half the
number of chromosomes as the
original cell
• Produces gametes (eggs & sperm)
• Occurs in the testes in males
(Spermatogenesis)
• Occurs in the ovaries in females
(Oogenesis)
 Meiosis
 Start with 46 double stranded
chromosomes (2n)
 After 1 division - 23 double stranded
chromosomes (n)
 After 2nd division - 23 single stranded
chromosomes (n)
 Occurs in our germ cells that produce
gametes
 Why do we need meiosis?
 Two haploid (1n) gametes are brought
together through fertilization to
form a diploid (2n) zygote
 It is the fundamental basis of sexual
reproduction
 Meiosis must reduce the chromosome
number by half
 Fertilization then restores the 2n number
from mom from dad child
too
much!
meiosis reduces
genetic content
The
right
number!
 Remember!
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
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