SSEECC OONNDD YYEEAARR

MMEECC HHAANNICC AALL

MANAGEMENT
EENNGGINNEEEERRINNGG
(22509)

A MICROPROJECT ON
“ S t u d y of management principles
applied to a large scale i n d u s t r y ”

UNDER THE GIDANCE OF

Mr. B.A.Sheikh SIR
A C A D E M I C Y E A R 2023-24

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 CERTIFICATE

MAHARASTRA STATE BOARD OF

TECHNICAL EDUCATION

This is to certify that the students, had carried out the micro project
work for the course “Management (22509)” on topic entitled "Study
of management principles applied to a large scale industry". The
micro project work is here by accepted for the partial fulfilment
towards completion of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering, for the
academic year 2022-23, from Government Polytechnic, Ahmednagar
(MSBTE Institute Code 0130).

GUIDE H.O.D. PRINCIPAL

Mr.B.A.Sheikh Prof.R.M.Mane Prof.B.M.Kardile

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 INDE
X
Sr.no Table of contents Page no.
1. Submitted by.. 04
Annexure-i
1.0 Aims/benefits of the micro project 05
3.0 Course outcome addressed 05
3.0 Proposed methodology 06
4.0 Action plan 06
5.0 Resources used 06
Annexure-i i
1.0 Brief introduction 07
1.1 Uses of large scale industries 08
1.2 Characteristics of large scale industries 08
1.3 Advantages of large scale industries 08
1.4 Disadvantages of large scale industries 09
1.5 Large-scale industry, 1850–1950 09

1.7 Scale, spread, and composition 09

1.8 Chronology 10
1.9 World war i was a landmark event 10

1.10 Capital and management 11

1.11 Limits on industrialization 12
1.12 Large scale industries in india 12
2.0 Resources used 14
3.0 Output of the micro project 14
4.0 Skill developed/learning outcome of this micro project 14
5.0 Conclusion 14

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 SUBMITTED BY...

Sr. Name of Team Roll Enrollment No. Seat No.

Members No.
No
1 Bakal Vedant 2101300384 392705
Annasaeb
2 Javane Kumar Raju 20 2101300421 392718
3 Raut Yash 36 2101300466 392734
Rameshwa
4 Amale Atharv 47 2201300653 392747
Somnath.

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 ANNEXURE-I

-A MIC R O P R O JEC T O N-

“ S t u d y of management principles applied to a large

scale i n d u s t r y ”

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the micro project

An engineer has to work in an industry with human capital and machines.

Therefore, managerial skills are essential for enhancing their employability and
career growth. This course is therefore designed to provide the basic concepts
in management principles, safety aspects, and Industrial Acts.

2.0 Course outcome addressed

 Apply the principle of safety management in all activities.

 Understand various industrial act

Proposed
3.0
methodology
In this project, we know about the management principles applied to a
large-
scale industry.

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4.0Action
Plan
SR.NO. Detail of Activity Plane start Plane Name of responsible
date finish date team members
1. Collect information 2 8 /1 0 /2 02 3 2 8 /1 0 /2 02 3 BAKAL VEDANT
about large scale ANNASAHEB
industry from
the internet

2. collect information from 2 8 /1 0 /2 02 3 2 9 /1 0 /2 02 3 Amale Atharv

various books. Somnath.
3. Collect more 2 8 /1 0 /2 02 3 2 9 /1 0 /2 02 3 Raut Yash Rameshwar
information and some
pictures of large scale
industry

4. Discussion with the 2 9 /0 3 /2 02 3 2 9 /1 0 /2 02 3 All team members

subject teacher
5. arrange project data in 3 0 /1 0 /2 02 3 3 0 /1 0 /2 02 3 Javane Kumar Raju
project format and print
micro project.

5.0Resources
used

SR.NO. Name of Specifications Quantity

resource
material
1 PC Windows 10 01
2 Textbook Textbook and reference 01
book of management
3 MS word 2010 01

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 ANNEXURE-II

MIC R O -PRO JEC T REPO RT

“ S t u d y of management principles applied to a large

scale i n d u s t r y ”

1.0 Brief Introduction/Rationale

Industries that need huge infrastructure and manpower with an influx of capital
investments are Large Scale Industries. In India, large-scale industries are the ones
with a fixed asset of more than one hundred million rupees or Rs. 10 crores.

The Indian economy depends heavily on such industries for economic growth, the
generation of foreign currency, and the creation of job opportunities for millions of
Indians.

A business can range from a single proprietor enterprise to a big corporation that
employs thousands of employees across multiple countries. Based on the scale of
business, organizations are organized as micro-enterprises, small-scale enterprises,
large-scale industries, public enterprises, and multinational corporations. In this
article, we will take a quick peek at large-scale industries.

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 1.1 Uses of Large Scale
Industries :

horticultural and medicinal plants

Automation of micro propagation through organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis in a

bioreactor has been advanced as a possible way of lowering costs. Micro propagation
by conventional methods is typically a labour-intensive means of clonal propagation.
The paper represents lower cost and less labour-intensive clonal propagation through
the usage of modified air-lift, bubble column, bioreactors (a balloon-type bubble
bioreactor), together with temporary immersion systems for the propagation of shoots,
bud-clusters, and somatic embryos.

1.2 Characteristics Of Large Scale Industries:-

i. These contain mainly heavy and capital intensive industries.

ii. These are high tech industries where white-collar workers make up a big
share of the total workforce
iii. Special attention and measures are taken towards the quality control
specialization in production is the major feature of large scale industries

1.3 Advantages of large scale industries:-

i. They deliver an impetus to the industrialization of the country.

ii. Large scale industries, usually, make capital and basic goods (instruments,
machines, chemicals, etc.)
iii. They are capable of generating funds for the research and development of new
technologies.
iv. Due to the large scale of operations, they have the potential to lower the
price of goods.
v. Further, they make opportunities for small-scale and cottage industries to
evolve and flourish.
vi. Also, the employment opportunities made by large-scale industries
are massive.

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 1.4 Disadvantages of Large Scale
Industries:-

i. Iniquities of Factory System

ii. Risk of Over-Production
iii. Less Supervision
iv. Monopoly
v. Class Struggle
vi. Reliance on Foreign Markets
vii. Chance of War
viii. Shortage of Adaptability

1.5 LARGE-SCALE INDUSTRY, 1850–1950

The term "large-scale industry" refers to factories that integrate at least three
characteristics: usage of machinery, employment of wage labour, and the application of
regulatory measures such as the Factory Act or Disputes Act. These features were of
current origin in nineteenth-century India and, to a large extent, products of British
colonial rule. In employment statistics, the units registered as "factories" under the
Factory Act can be considered a large-scale industry. In reality, the registered factories
included a fair number of units that did not employ machinery, but with few exceptions,
registered factories did maintain the other two features.

1.6 Scale, Spread, and Composition

Employment in factories in British India grew from 317,000 in 1891 to 1,266,000 in

1938, or from 5 percent of industrial employment to 11 percent (it was 29 percent
in1991) Impressive as it was, the evolution was an uneven one. Industries around
Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) accounted for about half of factory
employment. Ahmedabad, Madras (Chennai), and Kanpur saw limited development
of factories. In the interwar period, key resources such as capital, labour,
knowledge, railway connection, and electric power were no longer concentrated, and
industrialization started to spread. As much as 45 percent of factory employment in the
early twentieth century was employed in cotton and jute textiles. Other essential
groups

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included tobacco and leather. The share of chemicals, metals, and machinery was
very little. Machinery and manufactured intermediate goods were still vastly crucial.

1.7 Chronology

The first explosion of investment in cotton and jute mills appeared in the third
quarter of the nineteenth century. The capital came partly from foreign investment
and partly from capital accumulated in the early-nineteenth-century trades in opium
and cotton. The evolution of India's trade with China after the British East India
Company's monopoly in China trade was completed (1834–1835) played an
important role in the growth of mill enterprises. The U.S. Civil War (1861–1865),
which cut off supplies of American cotton to Lancashire, made a boom in Indian
cotton and big profits, part of which found its way into building cotton mills. A tea
mania of a similar nature in Calcutta and a gold mania in Madras stimulated the
local stock exchanges.

1.8 World War I was a landmark event.

Massive extra demand for Indian goods developed, but at the same time, the flow of
machinery, raw materials, spare parts, and chemicals commonly imported from
Britain or Germany stopped. The immediate effect of supply constraints was rapid
inflation from which cotton, jute, and steel emerged as major gainers, though many
other constituents of India's economy were heavy losers. Until the war, the British Raj
had followed a hands- off policy with respect to Indian industries, and a buy-British
policy with respect to all machines needed for defence, railways, or administration.
After the war, the government began to look toward local sources and became more
open to promoting them. Three events that represent this shift in attitude are the
establishment of the Indian Munitions Board (1918), the Indian Industrial
Commission (1916–1918), and the Indian Fiscal Commission (1921–1922). All
three bodies underscored the need to evolve local capability, and endorsed the use of
fiscal measures for that purpose

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 1.9 Capital and
Management

Pioneers in the modern industry arrived from communities that had specialized in
trading and banking activities. On the west coast, the Paresis, Khojas, Bhatias, the
Gujarati traders and bankers established in Ahmedabad, and the Bombay-based
Baghdadi Jews were the early mill owners. Several of thesecommunities had a history of
collaboration with Europeans. Some had withdrawn from the maritime trade as
European firms based in London took control of it.

In Calcutta, and in North and South India, Europeans dominated import-export trade,
banking, and insurance, and eventually jute, engineering, mines, plantations, railways,
power, and dockyards. Commodity trade, however, was not in European hands, but
in the hands of Indian traders, chiefly the Marwari’s. By the end of the interwar
period, prominent Marwari firms in Calcutta had entered the jute industry, and on a
smaller scale, sugar, paper, cement, construction, and share-broking. The European
capitalists did not welcome this trend. Consequently, a schism opened in Calcutta's
industrial- commercial world that took a toll when large European firms became
targets of predatory takeover shortly After independence

Industrial capital was persistently scarce in India, and financial market institutions
were undeveloped. The major government-backed Presidency Banks of the period did
not supply long-term capital. Indian joint-stock banks were prone to bankruptcy.
The informal money market served to narrow a clientele with too few instruments.

The British "managing agency system," wherein the owners of a company contracted its
management to another firm for a fee was common in India since the nineteenth
century.

Principals and agents then belonged to a small network, but that situation changed when
limited liability became popular beginning in the 1870s. The small shareholder could
no longer monitor the managing agent, paving the way for mismanagement and
fraud. Despite these problems, the system continued until 1970, in part because the
agent facilitated loans and deposits. With the expansion of professional managers and
the use of the "holding company" for control, the system became redundant.

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 1.10 Limits on Industrialization

The large-scale industry entered the processing of natural resources, abundant and
cheap in India, with knowledge imported from Britain. Machinery and intermediates
did not develop to a comparable extent because Indian factories could more easily
import than produce such things as electrical machinery, transport equipment, or
heavy and fine chemicals. It could also import foreign technicians. India's import-
reliance on technology and knowledge had weakened, however, by the mid-
twentieth century. Significant changes came only after independence, with protection
for the capital goods industries, and substantial government funding for higher and
technical education

1.11 Large Scale Industries in India

The term ‘large-scale’ is generic in nature and contains different types of industries.
In
India, the following heavy industries fall under the purview of large scale industries:

1. Iron and Steel Industry

2. Textile Industry
3. Automobile Manufacturing Industry
4. Over the last two decades, the Information and Technology (IT) industry has
evolved and has contributed huge revenues while making thousands of jobs
for Indians. Hence, many economists include it in the large-scale industry
sector.
5. Telecom Industry

It is important to note that these industries are either manufacturing units or those
which utilize both indigenous and imported technologies. Here are some more
examples:

Fertilizer, Cement, Natural gas, Coal, Metal extraction, Metal processing, Petroleum,
Mining, Electrical, Petrochemical, Food processing units, Tourism, Banking , Sugar,
Construction, Automobile, Communication equipment, Cement, Chemicals,
Earthmovers, Consumer durables (like television, refrigerators, etc.), Engineering
products, Vehicle assembly, Beverages, Agricultural processing, Insurance, and
Finance. - 12
In recent years, as the markets opened up due to globalization, there has been a mixed
effect on large-scale industries. There are some who have managed to attract
international customers, foreign trade and technology, and tie-ups. However, there are
also others who were unable to cope with the competitiveness ushered in by the
open market.

There are various forms of business organizations ranging from a sole proprietorship
to large-scale businesses that operate with over a thousand employees. Based on the
scale of the business, various classifications can be done, such as small scale
industries, big scale industries, public enterprises, and multinational corporations.

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 2.0 Actual Resources
Use
SR.NO. Name of Specifications Quantity
resource
material
4 PC Windows 10 01
5 Textbook Textbook and reference 01
book of management
6 MS word 2010 01

3.0 Outputs of the M icro-

Project
in this project, we learn about the management principles applied to a large-scale industry.

4.0 Skill Developed / Learning outcomes of this Micro-

Project

 Increase knowledge about different sensors

 Experience teamwork
 Increase communication skill

5.0 Conclusion

There are various forms of business organizations ranging from a sole proprietorship
to large-scale businesses that operate with over a thousand employees. Based on the
scale of the business, various classifications can be done, such as small scale
industries, big scale industries, public enterprises, and multinational corporations.

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