Electrical Power System

Stability
Shock

Stable Protection
Predictable
Short Fault Neutral
Fault Currents
System
Equipotential Voltage Coordination
Duration

Over Voltage Noise

Protection Reduction

Making Fault
Equipotential
Current Path
 Grounding T : Terra
Systems N: Neutral
C: Combined
S: Seperate
TN TT IT I: Isolated

TN-C

T N
TN-S
Grounding Earthing
Connection Connection
TN-C-S (Transformer Neutral) (Consumer)
TN-C
PROS CONS
• 4 wire system • Electrical shock risk
• High earth fault because of
current unbalanced loads or
bad connection of
neutral line

TN-S
• High earth fault
current • 5 wire system
• No electrical shock
risk because of
unbalanced loads or
bad connection of
neutral line

TN-C-S
TT PROS CONS
• 4 wire system • Low L-G fault current
• No electrical shock • RCD is necessary for
risk because of safety
unbalanced loads or
bad connection of
neutral line
• High cost because of
grounding resistor and
special equipments
that sense L-G faults.
IT • Very low fault • Sensing and repairing
currents and touch L-G faults are vital
potentials in case of because if there exits
line to ground faults L-G faults on two
• No electricity outage different phases at the
because of earth same time, there will
faults be high touch
• No electrical shock potentials and outage
risk because of
unbalanced loads or
bad connection of
neutral line