Active and Passive Voice

Rules
READING AND WRITING SKILLS
COMPILED BY ANNA ALI
Active and Passive Voice Rules for Present
Simple Tense

Passive Voice
Active Voice
(Auxiliary Verb – is/am/are)

Subject + V1+s/es+ object. Object+ is/am/are+ V3+ by + subject.

Subject + Do/does+ not + V1 + Object. Object + is/am/are+ not + V3+ by Subject.

Do/Does+ Subject+ V1+Object+? Is/am/are + Object+ V3+ by subject +?

Active and Passive Voice Rules

1. I by me
2. You by you
3. She by her
4. They by them
5. We by us
6. He by him
7. It by it
8. Who by whom
Example

Active: He reads a novel.

Active: He does not cook food.
Active: Does he purchase books?
Active: They grow plants.
Active: She teaches me.
ANSWERS

Passive: A novel is read by him.

Passive: Food is not cooked by him.
Passive: Are books purchased by him?
Passive: Plants are grown by them.
Passive: I am taught by her.
Active and Passive Voice Rules for Present
Continuous Tense

Passive Voice
Active Voice
(Auxiliary Verb- is/am/are + being)

Subject + is/am/are+ v1+ ing + object Object+ is/am/are+ being+ V3+ by + subject

Object + is/am/are+ not + being+V3+ by

Subject + is/am/are+ not+ v1+ ing+ object
Subject

Is/am/are+ subject+v1+ing + object+? Is/am/are + Object+ being+ V3+ by subject +?

EXAMPLES

Active: Esha is singing a song.

Active: Kritika is not chopping vegetables.
Active: Is Ritika buying a table?
Active: They are serving poor people.
Active: She is disturbing Ali.
Answers

Passive: A song is being sung by Esha.

Passive: Vegetables are not being chopped by Kritika.
Passive: Is a table being bought by Ritika?
Passive: Poor people are being served by them.
Passive: Ali is being disturbed by her.
Active and Passive Voice Rules for Present
Perfect Tense

Passive Voice
Active Voice
(Auxiliary Verb- has/have +been)

Subject + has/have+ v3+ object. Object+ has/have+ been+ V3+ by + subject.

Object + has/have+ not + been+V3+ by

Subject + has/have+ not+ v3+ object.
Subject.

Has/have+ subject+ v3 + object+? Has/Have + Object+ been+V3+ by subject +?

EXAMPLES

Active: Nitesh has challenged her.

Active: Radhika has not written an article.
Active: Have they left the apartment?
Active: She has created this masterpiece.
Active: I have read the newspaper.
 Answers

Passive: She has been challenged by Nitesh.

Passive: An article has not been written by Radhika.
Passive: Has apartment been left by them?
Passive: This masterpiece has been created by her.
Passive: The newspaper has been read by me.
Active and Passive Voice Rules for Past
Simple Tense

Passive Voice
Active Voice
(Auxiliary Verb- was/were)

Subject + V2+ object. Object+ was/were V3+ by + subject.

Subject +did+ not+v1+ object. Object + was/were+ not +V3+ by Subject.

Did+ subject+V1+ object+? Was/were + Object+ V3+ by+ subject +?

EXAMPLES

Active: Reema cleaned the floor.

Active: Aisha bought a bicycle.
Active: Naman called my friends.
Active: I saved him.
Active: Miraya paid the bills.
Answers

Passive: The floor was cleaned by Reema.

Passive: A bicycle was bought by Aisha.
Passive: My friends were called by Naman.
Passive: He was saved by me.
Passive: The bills were paid by Miraya.
 Active and Passive Voice Rules for Past
Continuous Tense

Passive Voice
Active Voice
(Auxiliary Verb- was/were + being)

Subject + was/were + v1+ing+ object. Object+ was/were +being+V3+ by + subject.

Object + was/were+ not +being+V3+ by

Subject +was/were+ not+v1+ing + object.
+Subject.

Was/were+ Subject + V1+ing + object+? Was/were + Object+ being+v3+ by+ subject+?

EXAMPLES

Active: Nitika was painting the wall.

Active: Manish was repairing the car.
Active: Were you reciting the poem?
Active: She was baking the cake.
Active: She was watching me.
Answers

Passive: The wall was being painted by Nitika.

Passive: The car was being repaired by Manish.
Passive: Was the poem being recited by you?
Passive: The cake was being baked by her.
Passive: I was being watched by her.
Active and Passive Voice Rules for Past
Perfect Tense

Passive Voice
Active Voice
(Auxiliary Verb- had +been)

Subject + had + v3+ object. Object+ had +been +V3+ by + subject.

Subject +had+ not+v3+ object. Object + had+ not +been+V3+ by Subject.

Had+ Subject + V3+ object+? Had + Object+ been+v3+ by+ subject+?

EXAMPLES

Active: Misha had cleaned the floor.

Active: Vidhi had not received the parcel.
Active: Vishal had solved the doubt.
Active: Had they caught the thief?
Active: I had paid fifty thousand.
Answers

Passive: The floor had been cleaned by Misha.

Passive: The parcel had not been received by Vidhi.
Passive: The doubt had been solved by vishal.
Passive: Had the thief been caught by them?
Passive: Fifty thousand had been paid by me.
Active and Passive Voice Rules for Future
Simple Tense

Passive Voice
Active Voice
(Auxiliary Verb- will+ be)

Subject + will+ v1+ object. Object+ will+ be +V3+ by + subject.

Subject +will + not+ V1+object. Object + will+ not +be+V3+ by Subject.

Will+ Subject + V1+ object+? Will + Object+ be +v3+ by+ subject+?

EXAMPLES

Active: Kriya will sew the bag.

Active: Disha will not arrange the things.
Active: Will you mop the floor?
Active: They will post the letter.
Active: Reena will save money.
Answers

Passive: The bag will be sewed by Kriya.

Passive: The things will not be arranged by Disha.
Passive: Will the floor be mopped by you?
Passive: The letter will be posted by them.
Passive: Money will be saved by Reena.


Active and Passive Voice Rules for Future
Perfect Tense

Active Voice Passive Voice

Subject + will+ have +v3+ object. Object+ will+ have+ been +V3+ by + subject.

Object + will+ not + have+been+v3+by+

Subject + will+ not+ have +v3+ object.
subject.

Will+ Subject+have+v3+ object+? Will + object+have+been+v3+by +subject+?

EXAMPLES

Active: They will have brought the toy.

Active: Nimesh will not have changed the table cover.
Active: Will she have written the notes.
Active: They will have won the match.
Active: Vijay will have washed a shirt.
Answers

Passive: The toy will have been brought by them.

Passive: The table cover will not have been changed by Nimesh.
Passive: Will the notes have been written by her?
Passive: The match will have been won by them.
Passive: A shirt will have been washed by Vijay.
There is no Passive Voice formation for these tenses-
1.) Present Perfect Continuous Tense
2.) Past Perfect Continuous Tense
3.) Future Perfect Continuous Tense
4.) Future Continuous Tense
5.) Sentences having intransitive verb
Active and passive voice with modals
 Answers

Passive Voice
1. These sums can be solved by me.
2. These sums cannot be solved by me.
3. Can these sums be solved by me?
4. His assignment has to be completed by
5. him?
6. This book must be learnt by you.
7. The book may be bought by me.
8. Chess might be played by them.
9. All lessons should be learnt by students.
 Active and passive voice with Imperative
Sentences

These are the sentences in which we express our feeling and emotions like command, order, advice, and
request.
Rules
Let + object + be/Not be + 3rd form.

When the object is not given and sentences containing request, advice and order, we will use you are
requested to, advised to and ordered to(according to the sense) .

Note: Always remove please and kind if they are given in the sentence.
Active and passive voice with Imperative
Sentences
Active Voice Passive Voice

S h u t th e d o o r. L et th e d o o r b e s

P o s t t h e le t t e r a t o n c e . L e t t h e le tt e r b e p

Always speak the truth. Let the truth alway

D o n o t s ta r v e t h e c o w . L et th e c o w n o t b

Let him help his brother. Let his brother be

C le a n y o u r r o o m . L et y o u r ro o m b e

Learn your lesson. Let your lesson be

Please do me a favor tonight You are requeste

Get out of my house. You are ordered

Kindly do not smoke in public place. You are requeste

Active and passive voice with Imperative
Sentences