PAST PERFECT TENSE

Past perfect tense is a form of past tense to express events that occurred and finished in the
past, before other events. For example, A occurs and finishes before B occurs. A and B are
events that happened in the past. A here is stated in the form of the past perfect tense.

PASSIVE VOICE IN PAST PERFECT TENSE

Sentences are written in Past perfect passive voice when we want to focus on the receiver of
the action: when we want to talk about what or whom the doer of the action had acted upon.

And since we shift the focus to the object of the verb from the subject, the object becomes the
subject, and the subject (doer) becomes an irrelevant or less important entity in a sentence.

Active Passive
+ S + had + past participle (V3) + Direct Object Direct Object + Had + Been + past
participle ( V3) + “by + agent”
_ S + had + not + past participle (V3) + Direct Direct Object + had + not + Been + past
Object participle (V3) + “by + agent” (optional)
? had +S + past participle (V3) + Directh Object had + Direct Obejct+ Been + Past participle
+? (V3) “by + agent” + ?
"Agent" in the passive voice is the subject of the active voice. In the passive voice, the
subject acts as the recipient of the action, while the direct object acts as the actor in the action
or more easily, the object in the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive voice.

Example

Positive Sentences (+)

Active: They had copied all my answers.

Passive: All my answers had been copied (by them).

Active: Someone had stolen my car before I reached home.

Passive: My car had been stolen (by someone) before I reached home.

Active: They had copied all my answers.

Passive: All my answers had been copied (by them).
Active: Someone had stolen my car before I reached home.
Passive: My car had been stolen (by someone) before I reached home.

Negative Sentences (-)

Active: Sam hadn’t helped us at all.

Passive: We hadn’t been helped at all (by Sam).

Active: We had not recorded the video.

Passive: The video had not been recorded (by us).

Active: Had he not helped you in your assignment?

Passive: Had you not been helped in your assignment by him?

Interrogative Sentences : ?

Active: Sam hadn’t helped us at all.

Passive: We hadn’t been helped at all (by Sam).

Active: We had not recorded the video.

Passive: The video had not been recorded (by us).

Active: Had he not helped you in your assignment?

Passive: Had you not been helped in your assignment by him?

EXERCISE

Fill in the blanks with the correct answer choices

1. Most of the work ... (finish) when the supervisor checked the quality of it.

a. had been finish

b. had been finished

c. had been finishing

d. had been finish by

2. A conclusion ... (draw) by the time I arrived.

a. had been drawn

b. had been drew

 c. had been draw

d. had been drawing

3. Two-thirds of the subjects ... (raise) in poverty.

a. had been risen

b. had been raised

c. had been raise

d. had been raising

Choose the correct passive voice from the active sentences below
4. Sally had read two hundred books before graduating from the college.

a. Two hundreds books had read by Sally before graduating from the college.

b. Two hundred books had been read by Sally before graduating from

the college.

c. Two hundred books had been reading by Sally before graduating from

the college.

d. Two hundred books had been read Sally before graduating from the college.

5. George had returned the book to the library

a. The book had been returned by George to library

b. The book had been return by George to Library
c. The book had been return George to library
d. The book has been returned by George to library
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Perfect Continuous Tense shows that an event started in the past, continued until a time
in the past, and also ended in the past.The Past Perfect Continuous Tense formula is quite
simple, namely had + been + Verb-ing. The formula will not change even if we use singular
or plural subject.

PASSIVE VOICE IN PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Passive Voice is formed from active sentences, where the Subject in the active sentence is
made the Object in the passive voice, and vice versa, the Object in the active sentence is
made the Subject in the passive voice. While the predicate used in passive sentences is
always in the form: To Be + V3 (Past Participle). But after To Be must follow by “Being”

Active Passive

+ S + had + been + Verb-ing + Direct Object Direct Object + Had + Been + Being+ V3 +
“by + agent”

_ S + had + not + been + Verb-ing + Direct Direct Object + had + not + Been + Being+
Object V3 + “by + agent” (optional)

? had + S + been + Verb-ing + Directh Object + ? had + Direct Obejct+ Been + being+ V3
“by + agent” + ?

"Agent" in the passive voice is the subject of the active voice. In the passive voice, the
subject acts as the recipient of the action, while the direct object acts as the actor in the action
or more easily, the object in the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive voice.

Positive Sentence (+)

Active: They had been learning English since 2011.

Passive: English had been being learned by them since 2011

Active: We had been listening the music for two hours

Passive: The music had been being listened by us for two hours

Negative Sentences

Active: He Had not been playing Tenis since 4 o’clock

Passive: Tenis had not been being played since 4 o’clock
Active: We had not been listening the music for two hours
Passive: The music had been being listened by us for two hours

Introgative Sentences

Active: Had they been repairing that computer since an hour ago?
Passive: Had that computer been being repaired since an hour ago?

Active: Had They been Learning English since 2011?

Passive: Had the English been being learned by them since 2011?

Catatan : Passive voice dalam tense ini tidak umum digunakan dalam percakapan

EXERCISE :

Fill in the blanks with the correct answer choices

1. Finally my teacher went yesterday,  We … him for 3 hours . (wait)

a. have wait   c. had been waiting

b. are waiting d. Waiting

2. Anita was tired, because she … very hard.(work)

a. are working c. had worked

b. had been working d. will work

3. Tamara was tired, because she … very hard.(study)

a. had been studying c. had studied 

b. are studying d. will study

4. The ground was wet, because it … all day. (rain)

a. are raining        c. had rain

b. had been raining d. will rain

5. Their father was a good man, we … their father for 3 years. (know)

a. are knowing c. had been knowing

b. will know          d. will know

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Simple future tense is a tense to describe an event that has not started and will occur in the
future. Sentences in the simple future tense can be marked by the use of the words will, shall,
and going to. Simple future tense is also used to express a prediction or desire.

It is different from the active sentence formulation of the future tense which uses the basic
verb or "bare infinitive" as the predicate, while for the passive sentence it will use the past
participle or the third form of the verb (verb-3).

As it is also known that the formula for the future tense is divided into two forms, namely
with capital "will/shall" and "going to". The two forms of this formula will also apply to
passive voice future tense sentences.

For the difference between the formula and the active sentence, in this passive sentence, "be"
will be inserted after the modal "will" and after "going to". Then as usual, the subject that is
usually active will become the object in the passive sentence.

Active Passive
S + will/shall + V-1 + Direct Object Direct Object+ Will + Be + V-3 +
S + To Be + going to + V-1 + Direct Object “by + agent”
+
Direct Object+ To Be +going to +
Be + V3 + “by + agent”
S + Will +not + V-1 + Direct Object Direct Object+ Will + not + Be + V-
S + To Be + not + going to + V-1 + Direct Object 3 + “by + agent”
-
Direct Object+ To Be +not +going
to + Be + V3 + “by + agent
Will + S + Verb 1 + Direct Object + ? Will + Direct Object + Verb 3 + “by
To Be + S + Going to + Be + V-1 + Direct Object + ? + agent” +?
?
To Be + Direct Object + Going to+
Be + Verb 3 + “by + agent” +?
"Agent" in the passive voice is the subject of the active voice. In the passive voice, the
subject acts as the recipient of the action, while the direct object acts as the actor in the action
or more easily, the object in the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive voice.
Example

Simple Future Tense by using will

A. Active:

(+) Nigel will watch a movie next week.

(-) Nigel will not watch a movie next week.

(?) Will Nigel watch a movie next week?

B. Passive:

(+) A movie will be watched by Nigel next week.

(-) A movie will not be watched by Nigel next week.

(?) Will a movie be watched by Nigel next week?

Simple Future Tense by using going to

A. Active:

(+) Nigel is going to watch a movie next week.

(-) Nigel is not going to watch a movie next week.

(?) Is Agus going to watch a movie next week?

B. Passive

(+) A movie is going to be watched by Nigel next week.

(-) A movie is not going to be watched by Nigel next week.

(?) Is a movie going to be watched by Nigel next week?

Exercise

Choose the correct passive voice from the active sentences below

1. Somebody will clean the room later.

a. The room will being cleaned later.
b. The room will been cleaned later.
c. The room will be cleaned later.
d. The room will be clean later.

2. They will not use the computers an hour later.

a. The computers will not be used an hour later
b. The computers will not be use an hour later
c. The computers will not been used an hour later
d. The computers will not being use an hour later

3. Some rich men are going to build a new supermarket here next year.
a. A new supermarket is going to be buid here by Some rich men next year.
b. A new supermarket is going to be built here by Some rich men next year.
c. A new supermarket is going to be built here next year.
d. A new supermarket is going to been built here by Some rich men next year.

4. Is she going to buy a new car next month?

a. Is a new car going to being be bought by her next month?
b. Is a new car going to be buy her next month?
c. Is a new car going to be bought by her next month?
d. Is a new car going to be bought next month?

5. I will clean the house every Saturday.

a. The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday.
b. The house will cleaned by me every Saturday.
c. The house will clean by me every Saturday.
d. The house will be clean every Saturday
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Future Continuous Tense is a form of tense in English which is usually also known as Future
Progressive Tense. The use of this tense indicates that an event will occur in the future and
will continue for some time. The important thing to remember is that an event described by
this tense has a time duration.

The Future Continuous Tense formula is quite simple, namely will + be + Verb ing. The
formula will not change even if we use singular or plural subject.

PASSIVE VOICE IN FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

Every passive voice has a general formula. The subject that is usually in the active sentence
will become the object in the passive voice. The difference in this tense is added Be and
Being after the modal (will/shall)

Active Passive

+ S + Will/Shall + Be + V+ing + Direct Object+ Direct Object + Will + Be+ Being+ V3 +

M (Future time) “by + agent” + M (Future Time)

_ S + Will/Shall+ not + be + Verb-ing + Direct Direct Object + Will+not+ Be + Being+

Object + M ( Future time) V3 + “by + agent” M (Future Time)

? Will/Shall + S + Be + V-ing + Direct Object + Will/Shall + Direct Object + Be + Being +

M (Future time) V3 + “by + Agent” + M (Future Time)

Agent" in the passive voice is the subject of the active voice. In the passive voice, the subject
acts as the recipient of the action, while the direct object acts as the actor in the action

M (Future Time) Such As Next time, Tomorrow etc shows the adverb of the future time, and
is used conditionally depending on the sentence served

Example

Positive Sentence (+)

Active: She will be bringing many books tomorrow.

Passive: Many books will be being brought by her tomorrow

Active:. He will be solving many problems

Passive: Many problems will be being solved with him.
Negative Sentences (-)

Active: Luna and Theo will not be loving to read book.

Passive: To read book will not be being loved by Luna and Theo.

Active: We will not be eating Sandwich.

Passive: Sandwich will not be being eaten by us

Introgative Sentences

Active: Will they be repairing those computers next week?

Passive: Will those computers be being repaired next week?

Active: Will Mother be cooking the food her husband???

Passive: Will the food be being cooked by mother for her husband???

Exercise

Choose the correct passive voice from the active sentences below

1. Will I be feeding cats?

a. Will cats be being fed yesterday.
b. Will cats be being feed yesterday.
c. Will cats being feed yesterday.
d. Will cats be been fed yesterday.
2. She will not be forcing me to marry him.
a. He will not be being forced to marry her
b. He will not be being force to marry her
c. He will not be being forced to married her
d. He will not be being force to married her
3. They will not be studying this lecture.
a. This lecture will not be being study by them.
b. This lecture will not be being studyed by them.
c. This lecture will not be being studied by they
d. This lecture will not studied by them.
4. She will be eating an apple at 7 o’clock tonight.
a. An Apple will not be being eat by her
b. An Apple will not be been ate by her at 7 o’clock
 c. An Apple will not be being eat by her at 7 o’clock
d. An Apple will not be being ate by her at 7 o’clock
5. I will be staying with my sister for a week
a. My sister will be beeing stay by me for a week
b. My sister will be beeing stayed with me for a week
c. My sister will be beeing stayed by me
d. My sister will be beeing stayed by me for a week
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Future perfect tense is an English tense that serves to describe an event or action that has
been completed in the future.

When you use this tense, you are imagining yourself in the future and talking about an event
or action that will be completed after the present.

PASSIVE VOICE IN FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Like the active sentence, the main passive future perfect tense is also a past participle (verb-
3) and begins with auxiliary verbs "will" and "have". The difference is, the passive future
perfect tense gets an additional auxiliary verb, namely: been.

Have is used for the subject in any passive voice (= object in active sentences), regardless of
gender (male/female) or number (singular/plural). The agent in passive voice is subject to
active voice

Active Passive

+ S + will+ have + past participle (V3) + Direct Direct Object + will + have + Been + past
Object + C participle ( V3) + “by + agent” + C

_ S + will + have + not + past participle (V3) + Direct Object + will + have + not + Been +
Direct Object + C past participle (V3) + “by + agent” + C
(optional)

? Will +not + S + past participle (V3) + Direct Will+ Direct Obejct+ Been + Past
Object + C + ? participle (V3) “by + agent” + C ?

C above shows the adverb of time, which is conditional

Example

Positive Sentence (+)

Active: She will have returned the book by next week..

Passive: Many books will be being brought by her tomorrow

Active:. He will have gone to work by the time I get home

Passive: Many problems will be being solved with him.
Negative Sentences (-)

Active: My brother won’t have finished using the computer at10.15.

Passive: The computer wont have been finished by My brother at 10.15

Active: I will not have done my homework..

Passive: My homework will have not been done by me

Introgative Sentences

Active: Will he have finish his job?

Passive: Will his job have been finished?

Active: Will he have brought a book????

Passive: Will a book have been brought by him???

Exericse:

Choose the answer that you think is most correct

1. She … the meeting room by 12 ‘oclock.

a. will have left
b. will left
c. is leaving
d. was left

2. They … their study by evening

a. finished
b. will have finished
c. will has finished
d. are finishing

3. will we … it tomorrow?
a. do
b. did
c. are doing
d. have done
4. I will … when we meet next year.
a. graduate
b. graduated
c. have graduated
d. graduates

5. Will my mom … ?
a. slept
b. sleep
c. have slept
d. will slept