HYBRIDIZATION

Definition:
• The process of combining two atomic orbitals to create a new
type of hybridized orbitals.

• Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new

hybrid orbitals, which can then undergo electron pairing during
chemical bond formation.
Example:
• BeCl2
Does the orbital formed after
hybridization have equal energy?
• Hybrid orbitals formed after combining atomic orbitals have
the equivalent shape and energy in the given set of hybridized
orbitals.
What does hybridization do in
chemistry?

• The concept of hybridization is an extension of valence bond

theory.
• determination of shape and geometry of the molecule.
• Hybridization increases the stability of bond formation than
unhybridized orbitals.
Types Of Hybridization:

 sp Hybridization.
 sp² Hybridization.
 sp³ Hybridization.
 sp³d Hybridization.
 sp³d² Hybridization.
 sp3d3 Hybridization
sp Hybridization:
• 1s+1p= sp
• Geometry is linear
• Angle = 180˚
• There are 2 bond pairs and no lone pair.
• Examples: BeCl2, C2H2
sp² Hybridization:
• 1s+2p = sp²
• Geometry is Trigonal planar.
• Angle = 120˚
• There are three bond pairs and no lone pair
• Examples : BCl3, C2H4
sp³ Hybridization:
• 1s+3p = sp³
• Geometry is Trigonal pyramidal /tetrahedral.
• Angle = 104.5˚-109.5˚
• There are four bond pairs and one lone pair
• Examples : CH4 , C2H6
sp³d Hybridization:
• 1s+3p-1d = sp³d
• Geometry is distorted tetrahedral.
• Angle = 108˚/120˚
• There are five bond pairs.
• Examples : PCl5
sp³d² Hybridization:
• 1s+3p+2d= sp³d²
• Geometry is Octahedral.
• Angle = 90˚
• There are six bond pairs.
• Examples : SF6
sp3d3 Hybridization:
• 1s+3p+3d= sp³d3
• Geometry is pentagonal Bipyramidal.
• Angle = 82.06°-143.58˚
• There are seven bond pairs.
• Examples : IF7
Conclusion :
Hybridization explains not just atom-to-
atom bonding, but also molecular
shapes.Hybridisation increases the stability
of bond formation than unhybridized
orbitals. We can predict the shape of
molecules by its hybridization.
Thank You