Dental Pharmacology

2nd year B.D.S.

 Agents used for the maintenance of
oral hygiene
Introduction
 What is oral hygiene
 Caries & periodontal diseases
 Pellicle & plaque
Plaque control
 Proper tooth brushing/flossing
 Use of dentifrices
 Use of mouth washes
 Dentifrices
Composition & role of ingredients
1. Abrasives
 Calcium carbonate
 Calcium phosphate
 Calcium sulphate
 Sodium bicarbonate
 Sodium chloride
 Silicate etc.
2. Detergents
 Sodium lauryl sulphate
 Dentifrices
3. Humectants
 Glycerine & sorbitol
4. Water
5. Thickening agents
 Carboxy methyl cellulose
 Alginate
 Amylose
6. Flavouring & colouring agents
7. Flourides
8. Miscellenous agents
 Chemical agents for plaque control

1. Chlorhexidine
 Mechanism of action
 Uses
 Side effects
 Toxicity
 Cautions
2. Phenolic compounds(listerine)
3. Quaternary ammonium compounds
4. Povidone-iodine
5. Stannous flouride
 Chemical agents for plaque control
6. Oxidising agents
7. Hydrogen peroxide
8. Leuke warm normal saline
 Astringents
Astringents are locally applied protein precipitants which
causes contraction & wrinkling of the tissues by
reducing the permeability of the cell membrane
Therapeutic actions
1. To arrest hemorrhage by coagulating the blood(styptic
action)
2. To reduce inflamation of the mucous membranes
3. To protect abraded surfaces against irritants &
promote healing
4. Antiperspirant effect
 Different types of astringents
1. Metalic astringents
 Zinc salts e.g; zinc sulphate,zinc chloride
 Aluminium salts(alum)
 Bismuth salts
 Silver nitrate
2. Vegetable astringents
 Tanic acid
3. Acid, alcohols, phenols
Drugs Used For Periodontal Abscess

 Local treatment
 Scaling & root planing(plaque removal &
gingival curettage
 Chlorhexidine mouthwash & paste
 OHI
 Medication (in case of systemic effects)
 -cap. Amoxicillin 500mg TDS 7days
 -tab. Flagyl 400mg TDS 7days