TOOTHPASTE FOR BLEEDING GUMS, AND SENSITIVE TEETH.

TEETH
WHITENING, MOUTHWASH
Sharyu S. Rangari*, Sakshi S. Zode

Subject: Cosmetic Science, B. Pharm Final Year

Guide Name: Chandrashekar M Chakole

Bajiraoji Karanjekar College of Pharmacy, Sakoli, Dist.- Bhandara

M.S- 441802
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University
Content
• Toothpaste for bleeding gums
a. Introduction
b. Causes
c. Overview
d. Key ingredients
e. Benefits

• Sensitive teeth toothpaste

a. Formulation

• Teeth Whitening
a. Techniques

• Mouthwash
a. Ideal characteristics
b. Classification
c. Composition
d. Advantages
e. Disadvantages

• References
Introduction
• Bleeding gums can be a sign of gum disease or other health issues. It is
essential to address this issue to maintain oral health. Regular dental check-ups
and proper oral hygiene can help prevent and treat bleeding gums.
Understanding the causes and early symptoms is crucial for effective
management.

• It is a semi-solid material used to cure gum diseases or other health issues.

• Kinds of toothpaste are favored, worthy, and extensively used preparations for
the cleansing and care of the teeth.

• It is used in dental cleaning preparation and care.

• These preparations are a little more expensive than tooth powders but are more
used.

• It is used for cleaning, whitening, maintaining, and improving the health of

teeth.
 Causes of bleeding gums

 Poor oral hygiene: Irregular brushing and flossing can lead to plaque buildup and gum inflammation.

 Gingivitis: The initial stage of gum disease causes redness and swelling due to bacterial infection.

 Misaligned teeth: Overlapping or crooked teeth can create difficult spaces to clean, leading to gum irritation.
Overview of toothpaste for bleeding gums

• Healthy gums are essential for overall well-being, as gum health is

linked to various systemic diseases. Maintaining good oral hygiene
habits can contribute to a healthier lifestyle.

• Specialized toothpaste for bleeding gums is designed to soothe and

strengthen the delicate gum tissue, promoting oral health.

• Formulated with gentle ingredients, it cures gum inflammation and

helps prevent bleeding, providing a refreshing experience for the
user.
Key ingredients in toothpaste for bleeding
gums

Aloe Vera Vitamin E

Aloe vera has anti-inflammatory properties to Vitamin E promotes tissue healing and reduces
soothe gum irritation. gum inflammation.

Clove Oil Tea Tree Oil

Clove oil has analgesic and antibacterial Tea tree oil has antimicrobial properties to combat
properties for gum health. gum infections.
Benefits of using toothpaste for bleeding gums

Healing Properties Protects Gums Refreshing Sensation

Promotes gum healing and Forms a protective barrier for Leaves a refreshing feeling in the
reduces inflammation. sensitive gums. mouth and gums.
Sensitive teeth toothpaste
• Sensitive teeth are delicate tooth enamel
• While brushing, eating, and drinking causes pain in the teeth

• The discomfort is caused by some factors such as gum disease, cracked

tooth, cavities, etc.

• Sometimes this problem is temporary, but it can also be chronic which

can harm one single tooth or all teeth along.

• Mainly it is composed of the following dental tissues:

• Enamel
• Dentin
• Cementum
• Pulp
Formulations
• Abrasive/polishing agents:
•Primarily used materials are:
• Calcium Carbonate: Abrasive for cleaning
and polishing teeth.
• Sodium fluoride: Anti-cavity agent for
strengthening tooth enamel.
• Sodium Lauryl Sulphate: Foaming agent for
creating lather.
•20%-50% of concentration is used in the
overall formulation.
•Wetting agents:
• The main purpose of these agents is cleaning with the reduction in surface tension interface of the adhered material
and enamel of the teeth.
• Example: Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS), Sodium Lauryl Sarcosinate (SLS)

•Humectants:
• These agents prevent product drying and prevent the excess loss of moisture. They also convey plasticity to the
product.
• Concentration: 20-40% in the formulation.

• Example: Propylene glycol, Glycerin

•Binding agents:
• These agents are:
• Carboxy methyl cellulose(CMC)
• Sodium alginate
• Bentonite
• Carbopol's, etc.

•These are mainly used to improve the consistency of the product.

•It also prevents the separation of pastes.
Sweetening agents:
The agents used are:
Chloroform, saccharin sodium, Potassium, Acesulfame.
• The most used agent is saccharin sodium.
• Sweetening agents are used to mask the bitter taste and are very important to use in toothpaste
formulation.
• The oral administration of the product is accepted.

Flavouring agent:
• Helpful for freshness and unwanted odour for the long term of the period in the mouth.
• Mainly used flavours are Peppermint oil, Spearmint oil, Lemon grass oil, etc.
• Flavouring agents also have their benefits.
Example: Neem has anti-bacterial properties and Lemon for teeth whitening.

Preservatives:
• Preservatives are used to prevent microbial growth because of the presence of gum and water.
• The microbial growth may be prevented by the higher quantity of glycerine.
Example: Methyl para hydro benzoate (0.15%)
Propyl para hydro benzoate (0.02%)
Sodium benzoate is also used but not recommended nowadays.
Special ingredients:
• Some special ingredients are used in toothpaste to achieve some functions.
These are:
a) Colours:
• Mainly the colour of toothpaste is white but nowadays, various colours of toothpaste are used to attract the attention of
consumers and it also masks the colour of some ingredients.
• Toothpaste is also available in multicolour.
• Commonly used colours are blue, red, green, and pink.
• This ingredient is made by using a special nozzle system.

b) Bleaches:
• These are used to remove stains from the teeth and promotes the
whitening of teeth.
• Powder bleaches are also used.
• Basically, these are oxidising agents.
• Example: Sodium perborate, magnesium peroxide, etc.

c) Lubricants:
• It helps the toothpaste get out or easy for filling purposes.
• Even if the paste gets solidified the presence of liquid paraffin
(1.0% to 2.0%) helps the paste to get out without any more pressure.
 Teeth Whitening
• There are several ways to whiten teeth from toothpaste,
which removes the stains from teeth uses light-activated whitening
techniques.

These whitening techniques are used in two ways:

Bleaching procedure:

• Using the bleaching procedure changes the natural colour of the tooth;
five to seven shades brighter.

Non-bleaching procedure:

• Physical and/or chemical ways are used for the removal

of surface stains.
• After having these treatments, sensitivity of the teeth can occur.

To overcome this some ways are:

a) Use of sensitive toothpaste: potassium nitrates help the pain to relieve.
b) Chew gum: Distracts from the pain.
c) Avoid whitening: Not/Avoid using whitening products.
Mouthwash
• Mouthwashes are oral rinses used to enhance oral hygiene and freshen
breath. They come in various formulations, including antiseptic, fluoride,
and herbal. Some mouthwashes are alcohol-free, promoting gentle care for
sensitive mouths.

• It contains medicated substance used for cleaning the oral cavity and keep
the bad breath away from mouth.
Ideal characteristics of Mouthwash:
a) Good and quick antiseptic action.
b) Nontoxic
c) Non-irritant or does not produce any harm to the mouth and mucous
membrane
d) Affordable cost
e) Sweet taste that improve patient compliance
f) Pleasant odour

Classification:
a) Antiseptic M: Chlorhexidine, Listerine M
b) Analgesic M: Lidocaine M
c) Anticavity M: Fluoride Rinse
d) Antiallergic M: Benadryl M
e) Antibiotic M: Tetracycline M
f) Haemostatic M: Tranexamic acid M
g) Steroid M: Triamcinolone Acetonide
h) Ayurvedic M: Trehala M
i) Homemade M: Normal saline Gargle
 Composition of Mouthwash
In the mouthwash preparation important components are:
1) Antiseptic or antibacterial agents:
• Various antiseptic substances act as an active constituent in most of the mouthwashes.
• Normally used substances are phenol and its derivatives, hexachlorophene, quaternary
ammonium compounds, and thymol, the same acids are salicylic acid, boric acid, and
tannic acid.

2) Astringents:
• Astringent substances are used in mouthwashes and have mild antiseptic properties
but not much proof is available of this.
• They are used in mouthwashes for shrinking and protecting inflamed mucous surfaces,
precipitation of protein in saliva, and diminished accumulated mucous secretions.
• Example: Zinc chloride, zinc acetate, Aluminium sulphate

3) Drug extracts:
• Several drug extracts act as astringents, stimulants or flavouring agents in
mouthwashes.
• Examples: Tincture of myrrh. It is an oleogum resin obtained from the stem of
Commiphora molmol or other species.
• Tincture of Chinchona.
4) Deodorising agents:
• Bad breath is a common problem faced by people and not only occurs due to
the bacterial growth of food particles in the mouth but also various other
factors are affected.
• Deodorants are used to minimize the bad breath.
• Example: Quaternary ammonium compounds, Chlorophyllin.

5) Flavours:
• Flavouring agents are used in mouthwash for patients' compliance and to
attract them.
• Examples: peppermint oil, clove oil, fennel.

6) Surfactants:
• Surfactants act as wetting detergent or solubilizing agents in mouthwashes.

7) Sweeteners:
• They give a sweet taste during the use of mouthwash.
• Sugar is not an example of a sweetener.
• Example: Saccharine or another synthetic sweetener.

8) Colours:
• Saffron, carmine, erythrosine, and phloxine are used as colouring agents in the
preparation of mouthwashes.
9) Vehicle:
• Vehicle is a most important ingredient from all other ingredients used to keep the preparation in their form(liquid).
• When the glycerine is used in the formulation it having two properties that act as vehicle, sweetening agent and flavouring
agent too.

Advantages
1)Prevent cavities 2) Remove bad breath

3) Remove plaque from teeth 4) Kills bacteria

5) Easy to use 6) Economical

Disadvantages
1) Oral Irritation 2) Allergic reactions

3) Burning sensation 4) Increased sensitivity

5) Dry mouth 6) Mucosal ulceration

 References
1. Nanda, S., Nanda, A., & Khar, R. (2022). Cosmetic Technology. Birla Publication.

2. Mittal , B. M., & Saha, R. N. (2000). A Handbook Of Cosmetics . Delhi: Delhi Vallabh Prakashan , 204-209

3. Pathak, K., Vaidya, A. (2019) Cosmetic Science concepts and principles. Nirali Prakashan, 6.14-6.16

4. https://wjpr.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/article_issue/ffa80a3e8a0e7f66f0a4e2a8fa081ac5.pdf
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