Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis.

8(4): October - December, 2018

ISSN 2231–5667 (Print) Available online at

2231–5675 (Online) www.anvpublication.org
DOI: 10.5958/2231-5675.2018.00035.2
www.asianpharmaonline.org
Vol. 08 |Issue-04| Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis
October - December 2018
Home page www. ajpaonline.com

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Preparation and Evaluation of Toothpaste

Asha M. Jagtap*, Sudhir R. Kaulage, Shivam S. Kanse, Vishal D. Shelke, Akshata S. Gavade,
Ganesh B. Vambhurkar, Rohit R. Todkar, Vidya N. Dange.
Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Dist–Sangli, Maharashtra, India–415404.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: ashajagtap018@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Toothpastes are complex mixtures of abrasives and surfactants; anticaries agents, such as fluoride; tartar control
ingredients; pH buffers; humectants (to prevent dry-out and increase the pleasant mouth feel); and binders, to
provide consistency and shape. Binders keep the solid phase properly suspended in the liquid phase to prevent
separation of the liquid phase out of the toothpaste. The dental paste preparations of herbal toothpast designed
using different bases for treatment of gingivitis, periodentitis and dental plaque. During our Physicochemical
evaluation studies all the formulations were found to have PH, good tube extrudability, good Spreadability and
viscosity characteristics.
KEYWORDS: Toothpaste, Extrudability, Tulsi leaves oil, Clove oil, Neem leaves oil.

INTRODUCTION: Toothpaste is mainly used to promote oral cleanliness

Toothpastes have been used since the ancient past[1] and and also acts as an abrasive that helps to prevent the
are one of main irreplaceable components of oral health dental plaque and food particles from the teeth, aids in
care. The design of toothpaste formulations began in the removing and/or veiling of halitosis, and releases
China and India, as 300-500 BC. During that period, active ingredients such as fluoride to aid in preventing
squashed bone, pulverized egg and clam shells were tooth and gum disease (eg. Gingivitis)[4].
utilized as abrasives as a part of tooth cleaning. Modern
Toothpastes are complex mixtures of abrasives and
toothpaste formulations were developed in the 19th
surfactants; anticaries agents, such as fluoride; tartar
century. Later on, chalk and soap were incorporated to
control ingredients; pH buffers; humectants (to prevent
those formulations. After 1945, several formulation
dry-out and increase the pleasant mouth feel); and
advancements of different detergents had begun; sodium
binders, to provide consistency and shape. Binders keep
lauryl sulfate had been used as emulsifying agent. In
the solid phase properly suspended in the liquid phase to
recent years, the focus has shifted towards the release of
prevent separation of the liquid phase out of the
active ingredients during formulation developments to
toothpaste. They also provide body to the dentifrice,
prevent and /or treat oral illness[2] [3].
especially after extrusion from the tube onto the
toothbrush. It is the responsibility of the oral care
Toothpaste is a dentifrice used to clean, maintain and
professional to understand the ingredients in toothpastes
improve the health of teeth.
and direct patients to different products based upon their
individual needs[5][6]
Received on 01.10.2018 Accepted on 02.11.2018 Ideal properties of toothpaste:
© Asian Pharma Press All Right Reserved
Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 2018; 8(4): 191-194.
• Good abrasive effect
DOI: 10.5958/2231-5675.2018.00035.2 • Non irritant and non toxic
• Impart no stain in tooth

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 Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 8(4): October - December, 2018

• Keep the mouth fresh and clean of the suspension within 5 minutes, using digital pH
• Prolonged effect meter. The results were mentioned. As shown in fig.1.
• Cheap and easily available
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Medicated tooth paste was prepared using, clove oil,
Tulsi oil, Neem oil, Guar gum, calcium carbonate,
sodium lauryl sulphate, Xylitol, Sodium chloride, methyl
paraben, menthol, titanium dioxide, glycerine, Amaranth
solution. Neem leaf oil and fruit of clove oil possesses
the antibacterial activity, bad breath of mouth is
prevented by tulsi oil. Sodium lauryl sulphate used gives
foaming, Xylitol as a sweetening agents, Methyl paraben
as a preservative, Amranth solution as a colouring agent,
glycerine as a humectants. All these chemicals were
purchased from SD fine chemicals Islampur.
Figure1: Determination of pH
Method of preparation of toothpaste: b. Foamability:
Trituration method:
The foam ability of the product was evaluated by taking
The binder is premixed with solid abrasive and triturate,
small amount of preparation with water in a measuring
which is then mixed with the liquid phase containing cylinder initial volume was noted and then shaken for 10
humectants, oils, Then add preservative and sweetener times. Final volume of foam was noted. As shown in fig.
into a mixer. After formation of homogeneous paste, the 2.
flavor and the detergent added last under slow speed
agitation to minimize foaming, mixed, milled deairated
and tubed.
EXPERIMENTAL WORK:
Table1: Formulation table
Ingredients (gm) Quantity (W/W) Role
%
Guar gum 0.5 Laxetive
Tulsi leaves oil 0.8 Prevent bad breath
Clove oil 0.2 Antibacterial
Neem leaves oil 0.2 Antibacterial
Sodium chloride 2 Anti Cavities
Calcium carbonate 50 Abrasive
Xylitol 0.2 Anti tooth decay
Methyl Paraben 0.2 Preservative
Menthol 0.1 Cooling agent
Titanium dioxide 0.5 Whitening agent
Sodium Lauryl sulphate 2.5 Detergent
Glycerine 30 Humectant
Figure 2: Foamability
Amranth solution 0.1 Colouring agent
Water q.s 100 Vehicle c. Study of rheological properties:
i. Spreadability:
Evaluation of toothpaste:
The Spreadability is term express to denote the extent of
A. Evaluation:
area to which the paste readily spreads on application
a. Colour:
area. One of the criteria for a paste to meet ideal quality
Colour of the prepared toothpaste was evaluated for its
is that it should posses good spreadability. About 1 gm
colour. The colour was checked visually.
of medicated dental paste was weighed and kept at the
b. Odour:
center of the glass plate (10 x10 cm) and, another glass
Odour was found by smelling the product.
plate was placed over it carefully. 1kg weight was placed
c. Taste:
at the center of the plate (avoid sliding of the plate). The
Taste was checked manually by tasting the product
diameter of the paste in cms, after 15 min. was
B. Physical characterization test[8]: measured. As shown in fig.3.
a. Determination of Ph: The Spreadability (S) can be calculated using the
Take 1 gm of the tooth paste in a 150 ml beaker and add formula S=m.l/t Where, S–Spreadability. m-Weight tied
10 ml of freshly boiled and cooled water (at 27ºC). Stir to upper glass slide. l-Length moved glass slide. t-Time
well to make a thorough suspension. Determined the pH taken.

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Evaluation of prepared toothpaste paste formulations

for Antimicrobial activity:
The (Agar-well diffusion) standard cup plate technique
was used to determine the antimicrobial activity by using
Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (Hi-media) and Mancockys
agar and nutrient agar. The melted media were seeded
with the suspension of microorganisms and allowed to
solidify. The formulations were aseptically transferred to
the Hi media in petridish with the help of sterile forceps.
The dental pastes were kept for diffusion in an incubator
at 30°C for 5-7 days. The assessment of antimicrobial
activity was based on the measurement of diameter of
zone of inhibition in mm. As shown in fig. 5.

Figure 3: Spreadability

ii. Tube extrudability:

The formulation under study was filled in a clean,
lacquered aluminum collapsible one-ounce tube with a
nasal tip of 5mm opening and applies the pressure on
tube by the help of finger. Tube extrudability was then
determined by measuring the amount of pastextruded
through the tip when a pressure was applied on tube
paste.
iii. Viscosity:
Paste viscosity measurements were evaluated using a
Brookfield digital viscometer (LV DV–II Ultras
programmable Remoter, USA) using spindle no.3 by
applying increasing values of the shear rate, in order to
reveal possible flow behavior of the pastes. All
viscosities measurements were performed at controlled
temperature of 300c. As shown in fig. 4.

Figure 4: Brookfield digital viscometer

C. Microbiological studies[9]
In present work, antibacterial activity of paste was tested
by used against causative microorganism on agar plates.
By taking microorganism such as E. coli, candida
albicans, staphylococcus aureus. Figure 5: Microbiological studies

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RESILTS AND DISCUSSION:

Table 2: Description
Sr.No. Parameters Observation
1. Colour Pink
2. Odour Characteristic
3. Taste Sweet
4. Stability Stable
5. Spreadability Easily spread
6. Abrasiveness Good abrasive
7. Foamability Good

Table 3: Physical evaluation of Formulation

Sr.No. Parameters Observation
1. pH 8.7
2. Spredability ( cm ) 7.7cm
3. Viscosity ( CPS) 39751.6cps
4. Tube Excludability Good

Table 4: Antimicrobial activity of Formulation

Sr. Organism
No 50µg/ 100µg/ 50µg/ 100µg/gm
ml ml ml
1. E. coli + + + ++
2. S. aureus ++ ++ ++ +++
3. C. Albicans ++ ++ ++ +++
Highly active [+++]: 7-9mm
Moderately active [++]: 4-6mm
Slightly active [+]: 3mm
Inactive [-]: less than 3mm

CONCLUSION:
Following conclusion can be drawn from the results
obtained in the present work of investigation. The dental
paste preparations of herbal toothpaste designed using
different bases for treatment of gingivitis, periodentitis
and dental plaque. During our Physicochemical
evaluation studies all the formulations were found to
have PH, good tube extrudability, good Spreadability
and viscosity characteristics.
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