Oral Hygiene Product

Throat Paint, Mouth Wash and Toothpaste

Oral Hygiene Product
Oral care products are defined as products used for care of the teeth
and the mouth.
Various products are available based on their special clinical
indications including toothpastes, mouthwashes,
tooth-whitening products, throat paint
and denture care materials
Throat Paint
 THROAT PAINTS
Throat paint is the “solution or dispersion of one or more effective
product used for treating mouth and throat infection.”
• Throat paints are the viscous liquids, therefore they remain at
the site of infection for longer duration.
• Enhance and prolong the action of the medicaments.
Examples of throat paints
Phenol glycerin
• Produce analgesic effect in tonsillitis and ulcerative
stomatitis.
Tannic acid glycerin
• Has astringent action, relieves from sore throat.

Compound iodine paints (mandle’s paints)

• Used for phyrangitis and tonsillitis.
• Designed to kill the germs.
• Used on sore throat and ulcer to ease them.
Formula of throat paints
Compound iodine paints (mandle’s paints)
• Potassium iodide 2.5g
• Iodine 1.25g
• Alcohol 90% 4ml
• Peppermint oil 0.4ml
• Water 2.5ml
• Glycerin (Q.S) 100ml
ingredients
• Potassium iodide
• Iodine
• Alcohol 90%
• Peppermint oil
• Water
• Glycerin
Potassium iodide
Potassium iodide aids in the treatment of thick mucus-related respiratory
issues.
Because this throat paint is particularly viscous, the medicine lingers in
the affected area for a longer period of time, successfully treating it.
Iodine
which helps to protect the mouth and throat from pain and canker sores.
Alcohol
It act as a vechile and also function as a solvent in the throat paint solution.
Peppermint oil
Peppermint oil is used as flavor the throat paint and to keep it in sol little
alcohol is added.
Continue…
Glycerin
Glycerin is commonly used as a base because being viscous it adheres to
mucous membrane for a long period.
Glycerin prolongs the action of medicaments.
Glycerin also provides a sweet taste for preparation.
Container Used in Mouth Throat
Container should be
 Air tight
 Color fluted bottle
It also available in the form of lozenges.
 Each lozenges contain 2.4mg of Hexylresorcinol drug.
Labelling of throat paints
Active ingredients
Inactive ingredients
Warning and precautions
 For external use only
 Not to be swallowed
Directions for use
Expiry date
Possibble side effects.
Storage conditions.
 Storage
Store in air tight container
TEMPERARURE
Should be stored at room temperature
MOISTURE
Should be stored at dry place
CHILDPROOFING
Should be stored out of the reach of children
Mouth Wash
Mouthwash
Mouthwashes are concentrated clear aqueous solution with a pleasant taste
intended to clean and deodorize the mouth or buccal cavity.
Mouthwashes contain antibacterial agent, alcohol, glycerin, sweetening agent,
flavouring agent and colouring agent.
They are also used in oral mucous disease to treat mouth infections and to
maintain oral hygiene.
Mouthwashes are used after diluting with warm water.
Mouthwashes have more cosmetic value.
Formula
Zinc sulphate zinc chloride mouthwash (B.P)
Zinc sulphate 20ml
Zinc chloride 10ml
Dil.HCL 10ml
Compound tartrazine solution 1ml
Chloroform solution 500ml
Water 1000ml
Uses of Mouthwash
Antiseptic
Antibacterial
Astringent
Cooling
Refreshing action
Ingredients Of Mouthwash
The ingredients of mouthwash are:
Chlorhexidine and Cetylpyridinium Chloride
Fluoride
Flavorings agent( Glycerin)
Astringent(Zinc chloride)
Essential oil(Menthol, Thymol)
Alcohol and Water
Surfactants
Examples
1. Zinc Chloride Mouthwash
2. Zinc Sulphate Mouthwash
3. Compound Sodium Chloride Mouthwash
Cetylpyridinium chloride
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a cationic quaternary ammonium compound
used in some types of mouthwashes .
It is an antiseptic that kills bacteria and other microorganism.
Flavoring agent
Flavoring agents such as sorbitol, mint oil or any other agent is added to
make mouthwash.
Pleasant to use.
Refreshing coolness to oral cavity.
Make to breath temporarily pleasant.
Flavoring agents include sweeteners such as sorbitol, sucralose, sodium
saccharin, and xylitol, which stimulate salivary function due to their
sweetness and taste and helps restore the mouth to a neutral level of
acidity.
Fluoride
Mouthwash contain concentrated solution of fluoride which help to
prevent plaque buildup and gingivitis.
Naf is most commonly used in mouthwashes.
Anti-cavity mouth rinses use sodium fluoride to protect against tooth
decay.
Fluoride-containing mouth rinses are used as prevention for dental caries
for individuals who are considered at higher risk for decay, due to
xerostomia related to salivary dysfunction.
Astringent(zinc chloride)
Astringents like zinc chloride to provide a pleasant-tasting sensation and
shrink tissues.
Essential oils
It is used to reduce plaque and gingirnal inflammation.
Commonly used essential oil in mouthwashes are thymol, menthol, eucalyptol
and methyl salicylate.
Monoterpenes have been found in reducing halitosis.
Surfactant
Surfactants are ingredients that act as detergents, allowing oral care products to
foam and to increase tooth and gum surface coverage.
Poloxamer 407, NF is a surfactant and is commonly used in dental products such
as toothpaste and mouthwash.
Alcohol and water
Alcohol is added to mouthwash not to destroy bacteria but to act as a carrier
agent for essential active ingredients such as menthol, eucalyptol and thymol
which help to penetrate plaque.
Container
Should be dispensed in clean, filtered bottles.
Glass dispensed container with mouthwash labels.
Labeling:
The label should indicate:
Proper prescription for diluting the mouthwash use.
Secondary label-"For External Use Only.“
Auxiliary label-"No to be Swallowed in Large
Amount.”
Shake well before each use.
Avoid contact with eyes.
Storage:
It is supplied in a well-closed airtight plastic container with
having screw cap.
Store below 30°C, protect from light, protect from freezing.
Keep refrigerated.
Keep out of reach of children.
Directions:
 Brush the teeth before use.
 Measure the amount to use and add water to it.
 Use it for 30 seconds.
 Avoid eating, smoking, rinsing etc. for at least 30
minutes.
Applications
Common use involves rinsing the mouth with about 20-50 ml (2/3 fl oz) of
mouthwash. The wash is typically swished or gargled for about half a minute
and then spat out. Most companies suggest not drinking water immediately
after using mouthwash.
Mouthwash should not be used immediately after brushing the teeth so as not
to wash away the beneficial fluoride residue left from the toothpaste.
The mouth should not be rinsed out with water after brushing.
Gargling is where the head is tilted back, allowing the mouthwash to sit in the
back of the mouth while exhaling, causing the liquid to bubble.
Tooth Paste
Paste
 “A paste is a semi solid pharmaceutical system. Comprise of a body of product
which when applied to accessible mucous membrane tends to alleviate or treat a
pathological condition or protects against harmful environment.”
What is Tooth Paste?
Toothpaste or a dentifrice is a substance used with toothbrush for the purpose of
cleaning accessible surfaces of teeth.
It also maintains aesthetics and health of teeth.
Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene.
It serves as an abrasive that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the
teeth.
It assists in suppressing halitosis (Bad breath).
It also delivers active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent
tooth decay and gum disease (gingivitis).
Ingredient
Abrasives
Detergents
Humectants
Thickening Agents
Flavoring agent
Sweetening agent
Preservatives
Corrosion inhibitors
Anti carries active
Anti calculus agents
Abrasives:-
This is the main component responsible for cleaning.
Tooth paste should be abrasive enough to clean tooth and avoid damage
to tooth surface.
Ability depends on particle size, shape brittleness of material.
Examples:-
i. Hydrated silica
ii. Calcium carbonate.
iii. Calcium pyrophosphate
Detergents:-
 Major contributor to teeth cleaning process.
 Should be tasteless, nontoxic, nonirritant, producing large volume of non gagging
foam.
Examples:-
i. Sodium lauryl sulfate
ii. Sodium lauryl sarcosinate.
Humectants:-
 Prevent toothpaste from drying out.
 Contains glycerin (50% aq.solution)
Examples:-
i. Sorbitol
ii. Propylene glycol
Thickening Agents:-
It maintains the solubility of high solid dispersion.
Affect the dispersability, form character and mouth feel.
Examples:-
i. Hydroxyethyl cellulose
ii. Xanthan gum
iii. Carbomer
Flavor:-
 Influence consumer acceptance.
 Leaves a fresh clean feeling after brushing.
 Considered highest cost ingredient in toothpaste formulation.
Examples:-
i. Peppermint and Spearmint
ii. Menthol
iii. Wintergreen
Sweeteners:-
Most flavor oils have bitter taste leaving the toothpaste formulation unpalatable
without sweeteners.
Artificial sweeteners are used to provide non cariogenic effect like natural sugar.
Examples:-
i. Saccharin
ii. Potassium ace sulfate
Preservatives:-
Rarely used now a days due to safety concerns.
Proper formulation ingredient selection can result in preservative free
toothpaste.
Corrosion inhibitors:-
Used to avoid corrosion of aluminium tubes such as sodium silicate.
General Composition of Tooth Pastes
Ingredients Quantity Role

1 Sodium Fluoride 2g Bacteria Resistant

2 Methyl Paraben 0.5g Preservative

3 Sodium Alginate 3.5g Thickening Agent

4 Calcium 2g Source of calcium

carbonate

5 Sorbitol and 2 drops Sweeteners flavoring

peppermint

6 Water 100ml (q/s) Vehicle

Types of tooth paste
Therapeutic toothpaste
Fluoridated toothpaste
Plaque and gingivitis prevention toothpaste.
Anti-calculus Toothpaste.
Desensitizing toothpaste.
Fresh breath toothpaste.

Cosmetic toothpaste
Whitening toothpastes.
Therapeutic toothpaste
Fluoridated toothpaste
Marketed as anticaries toothpaste or cavity protection toothpaste.
They contain sodium monofluorophosphate/sodium fluoride/stannous
fluoride. Fluoride helps in preventing tooth decay by:
Promoting tooth remineralization.
Inhibiting oral bacteria’s ability to create acids.
By making tooth more caries resistant.
Plaque and gingivitis prevention toothpaste:
Marketed as antiplaque and gum protection toothpaste.
They contain sodium lauryl sulphate, triclosan, zinc and stannous ions.
They have antibacterial properties and prevent the formation of plaque.
Anti-calculus Toothpaste:
Marketed as anti-tartar toothpaste.
They contain tetra potassium and tetra sodium pyrophosphates, sodium
hexametaphosphate, and zinc.
Dentifrices containing anti-calculus agents reduce the formation of calculus
but do not reduce the levels of preexisting calculus.
Desensitizing toothpaste:
Marketed as anti-sensitivity toothpastes.
They contain potassium nitrate, potassium citrate and strontium chloride.
There are two mechanisms by which desensitizing dentifrices can work.
By preventing the transmission of neural signals, thereby preventing pain.
By blocking the dentinal tubules.
Fresh breath toothpaste:
They contain peppermint, spearmint, or menthol.
They contain enhanced flavoring agents along with antibacterial to fight
halitosis.
Cosmetic paste
Whitening Toothpaste
Those toothpastes have abrasion value that is higher than in normal
toothpaste to mechanically remove food, tobacco, smoking and other
extrinsic stains from teeth.
Surface stains can be reduced by adding various chemicals to toothpaste.
Most of the stain’s molecules are included in pellicle which contains
protein therefore; enzymes such as protease and papain create a
whitening effect.
Advantages of toothpaste
Delivers active ingredients such as fluoride or xylitol to help prevent tooth and
gum disease.
Recent advances in toothpaste enable high efficacy of oral health delivery.
Special toothpaste for kids with fluoride and relatively low abrasion value.
Toothpaste with flavoring agents that helps to eliminate or mask halitosis.
These are available in various flavors hence giving consumers’ choice.
Easy to use , available in collapsible tubes.
Combination of various contents available so as to combat different oral
healthcare need at once.
Disadvantages of toothpaste
Large volumes can result in fluorosis.
Triclosan, when combine with chlorine form chloroform which is carcinogen.