COMMUNICATION

CONCEPT AND MEANING

 What is communication?

Barriers to communication.

Methods of communication.

Agenda Techniques to improve communication.

Contact details.
What is
Communication

1
What is communication?
• Communication is a Latin word, which means sharing
(information or intelligence). The most common medium of
communication is language. Being able to communicate
effectively is the most important of all life skills.
• Communication is a process, the main components are:
• Sender
• Message
• Channel
• Receiver
• Response
Process of communication
Common frame of reference
Frame of reference is the common field of experience or the common
interest shared by the communicators.

Semantic gap
Semantic gap in communication is the different understanding of
words between sender and receiver.
Barriers to
Communication

2
 Few common communication barriers

• Improper encoding
• Bypassing

Barriers to
• Frame of reference
• Physical distractions

communication •
•
Psychological and emotional interference
Cultural differences
Improper
Encoding
• Lack of understanding on the part of receiver.
• It leads to confusion and misunderstanding.

Remedy

• Message should be presented in the language

code of audience.
• Sender should always consider his audience’s
ability to process information.
Bypassing
• Misunderstanding resulting from missed
meanings because of the use of abstract words
and phrases on which both senders and receivers
do not agree.

Remedy

• Use familiar words with concrete meanings so

that there is no scope for confusion.
Frame of
Reference
• Viewing others within your frame of reference
may lead to confusion and misunderstanding.

Remedy

• Don’t interpret others point of view from your

angle.
• Try to put yourself in the other person’s
position.
Physical
Distraction
• Physical distractions can easily disrupt
communication. It comes from discomfort.

Remedy

• The speaker and the listeners should feel

comfortable at the time of communication, it
can be achieved by making environment cool
and peaceful.
Psychological and
Emotional Interference

• Feelings of sadness, fear, anger, anxiety or

happiness influence reception and ability to
receive ideas of others.

Remedy
• One must assure that one is not emotionally
charged before one takes part in a
communication interaction.
Intercultural
Differences
• Receiver assigns meanings to message cues and
meanings are assigned in terms of a receiver’s
frame of reference. As the sender and receiver
belong to different cultures, the interpretation of
meaning can create misunderstanding.

Remedy
• Be sensitive to cultural differences and take
into account the values of our listeners/readers
while communicating with them.
Methods of
Communication

3
Methods of
communication
• Verbal Communication
• Non-verbal Communication
• Writing
• Reading
Verbal
Communication
• Verbal communication is when a person puts
across a message by speaking. The message can
be sent to an individual, a team or a group.
• The message can be sent in person, via an
intercom, over the phone, email etc.
• The person sending the message should express
the message clearly so that the receiver is able to
understand and act, if required, on the message.
• The receiver of the message should be able to
understand what was said. Many times the
message may not be received as the sender
intended, due to a range of factors including lack
of attention or interest.
Non-Verbal
Communication
• There are numerous ideas, thoughts and feelings that
are communicated without words. Only one third of
a message is sent in a person-to-person exchange in
words alone. People have the ability to read non-
verbal cues. These cues are learnt from the
environment and through culture and can therefore
be misinterpreted.
• The following are examples of non-verbal
communication:
• yawn
• tears
• frown
• crossing arms
• averting eyes

• Non-verbal communication is divided into six types.

They are:
• body language
• physical characteristics and appearance
• voice
• space
• environment
• time
Writing
• Written communication provides a record for the
future. Written communication can be studied,
reflected on and absorbed at the receiver's own
pace. Written communication is permanent and
makes a lasting impression.
• The written word can sometimes have more
authority. Words can be written, rewritten, edited
until the communication is seen as clear and
accurate and is ready to be sent to the receiver.
• Written communication includes letters, memos,
email, minutes of meetings, reports, instructions,
diagrams, maps, other pictorial aids etc.
• Written communication can overcome distance
and can be cheaper than face-to-face meetings. It
can be useful when information has to be sent to
large numbers of people and can reinforce verbal
communication.
Reading
• In most workplaces there is a lot of reading
required of personnel. The reading material may
include minutes of meetings, Occupational,
Health and Safety procedures and practices, work
procedures, reports etc.
• Due to the amount of reading required for many
workers, reading skills need to be developed so
that time spent reading is efficient and effective.
• When reading a workplace document, questions
to ask before hand are:
• Why am I reading this?
• What is the purpose of the document?
• What do I expect to be able to know / do as a
result?

• It may be helpful to think in terms of the

outcomes of the reading. The outcomes may be:
• Memorizing the information
• Getting a broad overview
• Getting evidence
• Finding out what has happened
• Answering a question /topic
• Revising
• Getting a range of opinions
Techniques to Improve
Communication

4
Start improving
communication skill
• Improve your self confidence and belief in what
you have to say.
• Write down what you want to say and practice
first on front of a mirror and then with family and
friends.
• The key is to talk about things that you know to
be true, or about hobbies and pastimes that you
are knowledgeable about.
• Join in with chats and forums online, this is a
great place to start to improving your
communication.
• The more you pour out your feeling and thoughts
to a receptive audience, the more your confidence
will increase.
• A lack of confidence and self esteem can have a
debilitating effect on your life if you let it, so it's
time to stop it now. Try some or all of these ideas
and you will find that a whole new world is
opening up to you. You ARE an interesting
person, and its time for everyone to realize that!
Good Communication Is The Bridge

Between Confusion & Clarity

 +91 97687 41972

ThankYou
M A D H AV EN D R A D U T T https://medium.com/@madhavendra-dutt

No matter what job you have in life, your success will

be determined by 5% by your academic credentials,
15% by your professional experiences, and 80% by m.dutt@mditech.net
your communication skills.

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