History of War Topic 05

P R A D I T YA – W I R ATA M A – N A G A R A B H A K T I
History of War
5th MEETING – AMERICAN CIVIL WAR: POLITICS IN WAR
Defense Diplomacy Study Program
Faculty of Defense Strategy
February 1, 2024
LEARNING SCOPE
1. Background of the American Civil War

2. The Course of the American Civil War
3. Several Determining Battles
4. Politics in the American Civil War
P R A D I T YA – W I R ATA M A – N A G A R A B H A K T I 1
REFERENCES
Burrows,Treys G (1997), The Logistics of Mobilizing and Supplying The Union Army During The Initial Stages of The American
Civil War,The Air Force Institute of Technology Air University.
Curtrew, W.Thomas.(2017) Theater Of A Separate War, London: The University of North Caroline Press.
Hazlet,James; Olmstead, Edwin; Parkes,M.Hime (1983), Field Artillery Weapons Of The Civil War,Chiqago: University of
Illinois Press.
Hess, J.Earl, (2005),Field Armies & Fortifications In The Civil War.London: The University of North Caroline Press.
Neil Kagan, Sthepen G, Harris J.Andres, Atlas of The Civil War, Washington D.C,National Geographic Society
Safra, Jacob E at. al, (1998), The New Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol.1 Micropaedia-Ready Reference. 15 th edition, Chicago:
Encyclopaedia Britannica,Inc.
Safra, Jacob E at. al, (1998), The New Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol.12 Micropaedia-Ready Reference. 15 th edition, Chicago:
Encyclopaedia Britannica,Inc.
Safra, Jacob E at. al, (1998), The New Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol.29 Macropaedia-Knowledge in Depth. 15 th edition,
Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica,Inc.
Wikipedia-American Civil War.
Wikipedia- Western Theater of the American Civil War.
History.com-American Civil War.
https://www.grandburyisd.org/cms/lib/Fact sheet Union and Confederate Resources.
BACKGROUND OF THE
AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
THE UNITED STATES (CURRENT)
CATEGORY OF STATES OF USA
 The U.S. has a dark side in its history because its citizens had killed each other
in the past in what became known as the “American Civil War" from 1861 to
1865.
 The Civil War was a war between the United States (usually abbreviated as
Union) against the Confederate States, namely the seceded US state which was
founded by the southern states of US that supported the practice of black
slavery.
 As a result of the war, more than a half of million of US citizens lost their lives
& the country – especially the southern part – was chaotic.
 American Civil War is one of the most influential wars in the history of
warfare in modern era because the tactics and technology used in this war
will be adopted by war actors in other parts of the world, especially World
War I.
 For example, American Civil War was the first war where trench method as
defense line & tactics was used in total war.
 In addition, modern technologies at that time such as telegrams, railways,

and steamships were also widely used during the war and played a major role
in determining the final outcome of the war.
THE UNITED STATES’ MAP BEFORE AND AFTER THE CIVIL WAR
Free states
Pro-Union slave states
Slave states that
seceded in 1861
Slave states that
seceded in 1860
THE UNITED STATES AFTER 1861
Based on the social-economic condition, the US in 19th century can be divided
into 2 regions:
 Northern region where the industrial sector as well as the modern

infrastructure was vastly developed. In terms of standard of living & culture,
northern region was considered to wealthier & more liberal compared to
southern region which was more traditional & conservative.
 Southern region was relatively underdeveloped and still depended to

agricultural sector, especially cotton. There were black slaves employed by
local wealthy farmers to help working on farmland.
 In 19th century, the social condition in The US brought up terms of “free
states” for northern region and “slave states” for southern region.
 Northern Region’s critics of rejection towards slavery practice in Southern

Region caused tension in the relationship between the civilians of two
regions.
 The tension was escalated when in 1819, Missouri (southern part) wanted to
be a new state (the confederate).
 Missouri’s wish brought up differences on whether it would be accepted as

free states (North) or slave states (South), which became a new problem.
 If the Missouri’s wish was to be accepted as a free state, then free states
would be majority in national parliament and could threaten the interests of
slave states in national parliament.
 The same thing if Missouri was accepted as slave states.
 At that time, US had 11 free states & 11 slave states.
 The problem with Missouri’s status was resolved after 1821, when Maine
region in northern region became a new free states (North), while Missouri
was accepted as a slave state (South).
Efforts to Abolish Slavery Practices
 Entering 1830s, voices of slavery abolition from the North were increased as
abolitionism in Northern countries was mushrooming.
 The voice of rejection towards slavery intensified with the publication of

“Uncle Tom’s Cabin” novel in 1852, which told the story of the suffering of a
black slave.
 Southern region responded this slavery rejection by threatening to secede if

slavery was abolished.
 As the result, slavery problem was escalated into a complex and dilemmatic
social political problem.
 In November 1860, Abraham Lincoln who was the loudest to reject the
practice of slavery, was elected as the new President of the United States.
INSPECTION AND SALE OF A NEGRO
 The election of Lincoln was considered as a dangerous signal for slave states
who wanted to maintain the practice of slavery in their regions.
 Not far after Lincoln won the election, 7 states in Southern region – South
Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana & Texas – seceded
from the US & built a new country called Confederate States of America.
 A year later or exactly on May 1861, the confederate assigned Richmond,

Virginia, as their capital.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
JEFFERSON DAVIS, THE LEADER OF CONFEDERATE STATES
OF AMERICA AND PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE
QUESTION 1
In your opinion, what are the considerations

of each party to wage the civil war from
national defense aspect!
Please explain your opinion!
THE COURSE
OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
BEGINNING OF THE WAR
American Civil War just started on 14 April 1861 despite of the

establishment of Confederate States since 1860. It was marked by the
success of Confederate army to occupy Fort Sumter, South Carolina.
The fall of Fort Sumter to the hands of Confederate army was
followed by the joining of Arkansas, Tennessee, Virginia, & North
Carolina to the confederate. Thus, there were 11 member states of
the confederate in total.
The triumph of Confederate army was responded by the President of
the Union, Abraham Lincoln, by commanding a massive recruitment of
war volunteers and blockade of regions around the confederate.
RAISING OF THE CONFEDERATE FLAG AT FORT SUMTER,
SOUTH CAROLINA
 In July 1861, a large-scale battle occurred between the Union and
the Confederate armies at Bull Run river (Northern Virginia), south
of Washington, which was won by the confederate and caused the
Union army to retreat to the capital.
 In response to the loss, the US Parliament (Union) issued a

resolution which stated that the war against confederate was to
maintain the state integrity instead of eradicating slavery.
 The resolution was intended to make Southern States which were

still part of the Union abandon their intention to join the
confederate.
 In March 1862, 100,000 Union army started the “Peninsular Campaign” by
conveying a massive attack intended to seize Richmond, capital of the
confederate.
 In the beginning, the Union army successfully drove up to some kilometers

from Richmond.
 But during the 7-days battle in the end of June 1862, Union army failed to
occupy Richmond, and was even defeated by the Confederate army.
 The success of the Confederate army at the Eastern Front warzone continued
until the end of August 1962, where a battle between two parties once again
occurred at Bull Run river.
 The success of the confederate led by Robert E. Lee was
inseparable from the tactic used to break their forces into
two parts, where one part was deployed to seize Union’s
armory so as to force the Union army to concentrate their
focus on defending it.
 Whereas the other larger parts of the Confederate army

appeared the next day by conveying a surprise attack,
which successfully repulsed the rest of Union army back
to Washington.
THE LAST PHASE OF CIVIL WAR
(1864 - 1865)
 In the early 1964, Abraham Lincoln appointed Ulysses S. Grant as the

highest military leader of the Union due to his success in leading the Union
army to win battles at the Western Front to conquer the remaining
territories of confederate.
 Ulysses S. Grant proposed an idea of Total War, namely tactics to destroy

vital infrastructures belonged to the confederate (for example houses,
farmlands, highways) in order to defeat the confederate in total, so they
would not be able to continue the fight.
 Grant’s war plan was known as Grant’s Overland Campaign.
GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT
 Grant’s total war plan began by deploying the Union’s army to
conduct a quick attack through Wilderness, Virginia on the early May
1864.
 But the Confederate army moved fast & succeeded to repulse the
Union army at Wilderness.
 Afterward, Grant ordered his troops to move to Spotsylvania, but

the Union army was again successfully repelled by the Confederate
army who arrived there first.
 Grant then ordered his troops to move to Cold Harbor which is

located near Richmond, but the Union army was again repelled with
12,000 fatalities.
 Turning to the south, a 110,000-strong Union army raided Georgia in early May
1864.
 In this case, the Union army conducted many stealth attack tactics to reduce
the death toll.
 As a result, the Union army got closer to the city of Atlanta and managed to cut
off the city’s lines.
 The confederate responded by burning down the city of Atlanta and left it in
September 1864.
 On early December, the Union army succeeded to take control over the coastal
city of Savannah.
 Thanks to the Union army triumphs, the popularity of President Lincoln was
rising sharply. Thus, he succeeded to win the election in the same year.
 Afterward, Confederate army was increasingly desperate because
Virginia was the only state still under their control.
 General Robert E. Lee became the supreme military leader of the

confederate, but did little to change the course of the war.
 Instead of winning the war, on early April 1865 the city of

Petersburg and Richmond fell to the hands of the Union army who
had been under siege around Petersburg since June 1864.
 The remaining followers of Robert E. Lee fled westwards, but they

also realized that Confederate troops would not be able to fight
any longer.
General
Robert E. Lee
 On April 9, 1865, Robert E. Lee went to the village of Appomattox, Virginia,
to surrender unconditionally.
 Lee’s surrender was also followed by other generals of the confederate.

General Stand Watie was the last Confederate army general to surrender on
June 23, 1865.
 With the surrender of confederate generals, the American Civil War ended in
victory for the Union.
 Furthermore, the Confederate States returned to being part of the U.S.
 The end of the American Civil War was stained by the murder of President
Lincoln by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865.
GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE DURING A MEETING WITH THE UNION REPRESENTATIVES TO
SURRENDER IN APRIL 1865 AT APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE
FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE VICTORY
1. The number of population of the Union was larger, so their chance to win the war
from the beginning was also larger. At the beginning of civil war, 22 millions people
lived in the north while 9 millions people (almost 4 millions were slaves) lived in the
south.
2. The infrastructure progress of the Union was more superior, so the chance to win the
war from the beginning was larger. The northern regions had more money, factories,
horses, railroads, and farmlands.
3. During the civil war, the Union applied blockade the Confederate territories so that
the confederate could not export cotton, which in fact was its main economic
commodity.
4. The confederate itself initially hoped that British would help the
confederate to ensure its cotton supply to Britain. However, the
British refused to help.
5. The confederate rejected the abolition of practice of slavery, while

Abraham Lincoln and abolitionist activists wanted slavery to be
abolished. (Slavery was finally officially abolished in December 1865
through the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. About 4.7
million black slaves were freed during and after the civil war).
6. The abundant stocks of cotton in the Europe and the British

colonies.
7. Weaker Confederate position resulted in the Union’s forces being
able to destroy the Confederate farms, fields, and other food
sources, which caused the food availability of Confederate soldiers
to run out rapidly.
8. Abraham Lincoln’s statesmanship and prowess as a war expert.
9. Ulysses S. Grant, the supreme military leader of the United States,

proposed the concept of Total War, namely the tactic of destroying
important infrastructures belonged to the confederate, such as
houses, farmland, and highway, to weaken their fighting spirit.
10.The Union’s naval superiority effectively blocked the Confederate

navy.
COST OF WAR AND THE IMPACT OF WAR
(Safra, Jacob E.at.al, 1998)
 On the positive note, the triumph of the North, other than the superiority
of its navy, number, industry, and resources, was also due to Lincoln’s
statesmanship, who in 1864 had become a war expert; equal courage
among federal soldiers; as well as the increasing skills of its officers.
 On the negative note, the North’s victory might also be considered as a

contribution of the failure of the confederate’s transportation, materials,
and political leadership.
 Around 1,556,000 soldiers were involved in the war, with 634,703 victims
(of whom 360,000 killed and 275,175 injured).
 Around 800,000 soldiers were involved in the war on Confederate
side, with 483,000 victims (of whom 258,000 killed and around
225,000 injured).
 The US had lost more than USD 15 billion during the American Civil
War.
 The civil war had also resulted in losses, especially in the South,
where the war had resulted in the loss of labor system and
damage to the economy.
 The consequences of the civil war had inflicted untold physical

and moral suffering, as well as spiritual wounds caused by the war
catastrophe.
 The American Civil War was named by some parties as an
"ancient war"; others call it a “the first modern history
war.“
 The American civil war was a "transitional war", which

had a huge impact technologically on the development of
modern weapons and techniques.
INNOVATION
 The American Civil War was the first in history where formidable warships
were in clash.
 It was the first war in history where telegraph and train play an important
role.
 It was the first war in history where there was an extensive use of guns,
projectile weapons, and machine guns.
 It was the first war in history which had wide coverage by newsletter, election
by soldiers in the national election, as well as photographic recording.
 It was the first war in history where there was an
systematic organization of medical care for the soldiers.
 The first war in history that employed land mines, sea

mines, and submarines that could sink warships.
 The American Civil War was also the first war in which
soldiers used aerial reconnaissance (by employing air
balloons).
HOW THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR INSPIRED MODERN MEDICINE
QUESTION 2
 In your opinion, from the aspect of war

strategy, what were the factors that
contributed to the victory of the Union
against the Confederacy in the American civil
war?
 Please explain your opinion!
SEVERAL
DETERMINING
BATTLES
BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
 Successfully repulsed the Union army at Bull Run river, the Confederate army
continued its movement on September 1862 and planned to ambush Maryland
by crossing the Potomac river. When the Confederate army was at Antietam
stream, the Union army successfully blocked them, which led to a fierce
battle that caused around 23,000 fatalities.
 The Battle of Antietam became the bloodiest day in the entire US history.
 The impact of Battle of Antietam causing the confederate’s plan to occupy

Maryland failed.
 On the other side, President Lincoln’s popularity was increasing. Therefore,

Lincoln could raise The Emancipation Proclamation regarding slave freedom
in the entire US region.
BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
 Early July 1863 was also noted as one of the bloodiest periods in American
Civil War because the Battle of GETTYSBURG-Pennsylvania occurred during
the period.
 At the beginning, the confederate wanted to seize Pennsylvania to threaten

Washington’s position as well as to get a diplomatic recognition from
European countries, but the Confederate army received a fierce fight from
the Union army.
 After 3 days of fierce battle, Confederate army was repulsed with 28,000
fatalities.
 As a result of The Battle of Gettysburg, the Confederate army could not

convey a big-scale invasion to the Northern region (Union) anymore.
BATTLE OF VICKSBURG
 The main battle zones in the Western Front were around Mississippi River,
which played a vital role as transportation lane to the Atlantic Ocean.
 In August 1861, Confederate army, which was two times larger in number,
defeated the Union army at the Winson River.
 The success of the Confederate army did not last long because they also
suffered loss in Arkansas on March 1862. Therefore, Missouri was still under
the Union’s control.
 In April 1862, the Union army succeeded in occupying New Orleans. Thus,
the Union has a full control over Mississippi River (minus the river estuary
up to the city of Vicksburg due to the Confederate’s fortifications in the
city).
 On the same month in 1862, far bloodier battle occurred in Shiloh,
Tennessee, resulting 23,000 fatalities from two sides.
 In the battle at Shiloh, the Union army were initially in a

desperate position because they did not expect to get a surprise
attack from the Confederate side.
 Assistance to the Union army could finally win the battle.
 The success of the Union army continued by the defeat of

Confederate army near Fayetteville, Arkansas after December
1862.
 Nevertheless, the Union army was still unable to conquer Vicksburg, which is
located on the east bank of the Mississippi River, despite repeated attack from
the North.
 The Union army then made a tactic modification by sneaking into the south of
Vicksburg from the west bank of Mississippi River and cutting the logistics route
of the city since beginning of May 1862.
 As the result, on July 1862 Confederate army in Vicksburg raised a white flag as
a sign of surrender thus the whole Mississippi River fell under the Union’s
control.
 In November 1863, the Union army was again succeeded to defeat Confederate
army in Chattanooga on the bank of Tennessee River, Tennessee.
 In the battle, the Union army carried out an attack from the north
and south simultaneously and succeeded to push confederate army
back to the state of Georgia, located at the southeast of
Tennessee.
 By winning the battle at Chattanooga, the whole region of

Tennessee went under the control of Union.
 Thus, the union army’s raiding routes to Georgia and Virginia as

well as the location of Richmond, the capital of the confederate -
became wide open.
BATTLE ON THE SEA
(SAFRA, JACOB E.AT.AL, 1998)
 While the Union army (Federal Union) faced the resistance of the Confederate
army, the Union’s naval efforts should not be ignored.
 If the Union navy did not win the war, then the Union could not win the war.
 When the war began, the Union navy had 90 warships, where only 42 of them
on duty, while many others are on the overseas bases.
 By the time Confederate chief of military General Robert E. Lee surrendered,

the Union Navy had 626 warships, 65 of which were armored.
 From a small force of nearly 9,000 sailors in 1861, the Union navy
increased to about 59,000 sailors by the end of the war. The Navy’s
annual budget allocation jumped from about USD 12 million to
around USD 123 million dollar.
 The blockade of about 3,500 miles of Confederate coastline was a

factor in the last defeat of Jefferson Davis' government, although
the blockade did not become effective before the end of 1863.
 On the other side, the confederate must begin from almost zero in
building their navy.
 The confederate was able to build its navy successfully, mainly due
to the tireless efforts of capable Navy Secretary Stephen Mallory.
 Stephen Mallory sent his representative to Europe to purchase

warship, trying to refund the Union ships which were confiscated or
drowned, trying all the things to arm and employ ships owned by the
South at the confederate ports.
 The only Mallory’s main negligence was his delay in utilizing the
Confederate government’s advantages to control blockade breacher
who brought in strategic supply.
BATTLE OF MEMPHIS
 The sea power of the Civil war was revolutionary.
 Besides the increasing utilization of steam power, screw propellers,

projectile weapons and rifle weaponry, both sides also built and
used armored warships.
 A noteworthy clash occurred on March 9, 1862 between the North’s

Monitor and South’s Virginia (ex Merrimack), which became the first
battle between armored warships.
 The first warship sunk by a submarine occurred on February 17,

1864, where the confederate’s submarine “Hunley” sunk the
Blockade ship “USS Housatonic”.
 The most famous of all of the confederate’s cruisers was
“Alabama”, led by Semmes, which captured 69 Union’s ships in
two years.
 On June 19, 1864, cruiser “Alabama” intercepted and drowned in

Cherbourg by Union’s warship “Kearsarge”, commanded by John
Winslow.
 In addition to fighting effectively with armored ships on inland

rivers, the Union Navy also played an important role in a series of
coastal and amphibious operations, some of which were related to
the Union Army.
QUESTION 3
 In your opinion, what are the lessons that can be learned

in developing our country's defense capabilities?
 Please explain your opinion!
5.3
POLITICS IN THE AMERICAN
CIVIL WAR
POLITICAL POLICIES OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN
 A. Lincoln’s election as President of America on December 20,
1860 was the initial sign of the secession in Southern states.
 It was marked by South Carolina as the first state to secede from

the Union.
 Afterward, other states in South also rapidly seceded from the

Union.
 the government’s attempts to address secession failed, and one by

one, the regions in the South were taken over by the confederate.
 On February 4, 1861, 1 month before President A. Lincoln
was inaugurated as the President of America in
Washington, 5 southern states (South Carolina, Georgia,
Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana) sent their
representatives to Montgomery, Alabama to prepare for
the independent government of the confederate.
 Not long after that, delegations from Texas also joined

the five South states.
 With Jefferson Davis from Mississippi appointed as chairman, the
Confederate States of America was officially formed.
 Subsequently, the confederate set up bureaus, government

offices, their own and currency, as well as determined their own
taxes and raised their own flag.
 Until May 1861, after the battle broke out and Virginia separated
from the Union, the new Confederate government moved the
capital to Richmond.
 After being inaugurated, President A. Lincoln immediately

conducted measures to reconcile with Southern States
(confederate).
 A large-scale battle between United States and
Confederate army on the Bull Run River (Northern Virginia)
in July 1861, in the southern part of the capital
Washington, was won by Confederate army and resulted in
Union troops retreating to the capital.
 The Union Government reacted to the defeat by passing a

resolution declaring that the war against the confederate
was "to preserve the integrity of the State, not to abolish
slavery".
COMPARISON OF POLITICAL POLICIES
OF THE TWO PARTIES
 General policies, which were political decision by the governments of both
parties to the war by both Abraham Lincoln (Union) and Jefferson Davies
(Confederate), turned out to be quite similar.
 Both presidents depended on war volunteers for their military forces and both
governments were unprepared to train young men who joined their armies in
the early stages of the war.
 Amid the war, the two governments reluctantly implemented a system of

conscription, with the confederate implemented it as early as 1862 and the
Union at the end of that year, followed by stricter regulations the following
year.
 Both governments tend to apply laissez-faire policy (let everything
run naturally without strict control) for their economy, with few
efforts to control price, salary, and advantage.
 Only the regulations on railways were quite strict in both

governments.
 While building powder factory, Confederate States government made

several attempts with state socialism which is a political system
where the state has more control over industry and service sectors.
 Both governments also did not have a clear grasp on how to
fund a war, both governments had not developed an
effective tax system until the end of war period, and both
depended more on loan/debt.
 In dealing with lack of funds, both governments were forced

to order their money printing company to issue fiat money,
namely funds issued by the government without guarantees
of commodities such as gold.
 The Union government printed USD 432 million in their
currency, the Confederate government also printed 1.554
billion USD in their currency.
 As the consequences, both governments suffer long term

inflation.
 As the impact of the long-term inflation, the Confederate

States experienced the most dramatic thing, namely at the
end of the war, flour was priced at $1,000 for a barrel.
POLITICAL POLICY ON SLAVERY
 Speaking of slavery, which was the root cause of the civil war, the policies of
the two governments surprisingly turned out to be quite similar.
 Confederate institution, which is quite similar to the Union’s institution, stated

a certainty for slavery institution.
 Despite pressure from anti-slavery supporters, the U.S. Lincoln Government's

Cabinet did not plan to change the policy of the slavery institution.
 This measure was taken due to the concern that any efforts toward
emancipation (an attempt to legalize the law that all slaves in America be
declared free) may affect the loyalty of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and
Missouri – Union’s states which still legalized slaves at that time.
 Under the war pressure, both governments slowly planned to stop
slavery.
 A. Lincoln saw that African American emancipation would win

support from Europe for the North, which would reduce their
productive personnel in agriculture and add military personnel to
the Federal army.
 During September 1862, President A. Lincoln issued a proclamation

of emancipation, promising to liberate all people in the seceded
areas (the southern parts) no later than January 1, 1863.
 Another advantage from emancipation was the use of black
military personnel, where black military personnel who joined the
Union at the end of the war amounted to 178,895 personnel.
 Not so convinced by the "emancipation proclamation", President A.

Lincoln encouraged the Congress to abolish slavery using
constitutional amendments.
 Although it run slowly on confederate side, but the Confederate

government’s policies was also directed toward emancipation.
 The Confederate army really need troops, including their supreme
military leader General Robert E. Lee. Thus, he asked to recruit
black soldiers.
 Finally, in March 1865, Confederate Congress agreed to form a

Military Regiment of Black Soldiers.
 Although some black soldiers joined the Confederate army, no one

had the chance to involve in the fight, because the confederate
was on the verge of surrender.
 As an addition, the President of confederate, Davies had carried
out a diplomatic mission to Europe to seek support by bringing up
the issue that the South would pledge to abolish slavery in
exchange for diplomatic support.
 No official filings were recorded, but they were proofs that both
governments agreed that slavery would be abolished at the end of
the war.
QUESTION 4
• In your opinion, what is the relation between domestic

politics of the United States to the Civil War?
• Please explain your opinion!
THANK YOU
P R A D I T YA – W I R ATA M A – N A G A R A B H A K T I

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P R A D I T YA – W I R ATA M A – N A G A R A B H A K T I

1. Background of the American Civil War

 In addition, modern technologies at that time such as telegrams, railways,

 Northern region where the industrial sector as well as the modern

 Southern region was relatively underdeveloped and still depended to

 Northern Region’s critics of rejection towards slavery practice in Southern

 Missouri’s wish brought up differences on whether it would be accepted as

 The same thing if Missouri was accepted as slave states.

 At that time, US had 11 free states & 11 slave states.

 The voice of rejection towards slavery intensified with the publication of

 Southern region responded this slavery rejection by threatening to secede if

 A year later or exactly on May 1861, the confederate assigned Richmond,

In your opinion, what are the considerations

Please explain your opinion!

American Civil War just started on 14 April 1861 despite of the

 In response to the loss, the US Parliament (Union) issued a

 The resolution was intended to make Southern States which were

 In the beginning, the Union army successfully drove up to some kilometers

 Whereas the other larger parts of the Confederate army

 In the early 1964, Abraham Lincoln appointed Ulysses S. Grant as the

 Ulysses S. Grant proposed an idea of Total War, namely tactics to destroy

 Grant’s war plan was known as Grant’s Overland Campaign.

 Afterward, Grant ordered his troops to move to Spotsylvania, but

 Grant then ordered his troops to move to Cold Harbor which is

 General Robert E. Lee became the supreme military leader of the

 Instead of winning the war, on early April 1865 the city of

 The remaining followers of Robert E. Lee fled westwards, but they

 Lee’s surrender was also followed by other generals of the confederate.

 Furthermore, the Confederate States returned to being part of the U.S.

5. The confederate rejected the abolition of practice of slavery, while

6. The abundant stocks of cotton in the Europe and the British

8. Abraham Lincoln’s statesmanship and prowess as a war expert.

9. Ulysses S. Grant, the supreme military leader of the United States,

10.The Union’s naval superiority effectively blocked the Confederate

 On the negative note, the North’s victory might also be considered as a

 The consequences of the civil war had inflicted untold physical

 The American civil war was a "transitional war", which

 The first war in history that employed land mines, sea

 In your opinion, from the aspect of war

 The impact of Battle of Antietam causing the confederate’s plan to occupy

 On the other side, President Lincoln’s popularity was increasing. Therefore,

 At the beginning, the confederate wanted to seize Pennsylvania to threaten

 As a result of The Battle of Gettysburg, the Confederate army could not

 In the battle at Shiloh, the Union army were initially in a

 The success of the Union army continued by the defeat of

 By winning the battle at Chattanooga, the whole region of

 Thus, the union army’s raiding routes to Georgia and Virginia as

 By the time Confederate chief of military General Robert E. Lee surrendered,

 The blockade of about 3,500 miles of Confederate coastline was a

 Stephen Mallory sent his representative to Europe to purchase

 Besides the increasing utilization of steam power, screw propellers,

 A noteworthy clash occurred on March 9, 1862 between the North’s

 The first warship sunk by a submarine occurred on February 17,

 On June 19, 1864, cruiser “Alabama” intercepted and drowned in

 In addition to fighting effectively with armored ships on inland

 In your opinion, what are the lessons that can be learned

 It was marked by South Carolina as the first state to secede from

 Afterward, other states in South also rapidly seceded from the

 the government’s attempts to address secession failed, and one by

 Not long after that, delegations from Texas also joined

 Subsequently, the confederate set up bureaus, government

 After being inaugurated, President A. Lincoln immediately

 The Union Government reacted to the defeat by passing a