INDIRECT OPTHALMOSCOPE

PRESENTED BY
NAME: AVINABA GHOSH
UNIVERSITY ROLL NO: 32301721022
UNIVERSITY REGISTRATION NO: 213231201710021
PAPER NAME: OPTICAL AND OPTHALMIC
INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCEDURE- II
PAPER CODE: BO- 405
RESPONSIBLE TEACHER: PRASENJIT DAS
 CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Principle of indirect ophthalmoscope
3. Parts of indirect ophthalmoscope
4. Procedure of indirect opthalmoscope and uses.
5. conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
Ophthalmoscope is a routine exam done by ophthalmologists to
examine the inside of the back of the eye, also known as the fundus
or the posterior segment. Ophthalmoscopy was introduced by
‘Hermann von Helmholtz’ in December of 1850. Here we use a beam
of light and a hand-held lens. Indirect ophthalmoscope gives a wider
view inside the eye than an exam using as ophthalmoscope does.
Binocular indirect ophthalmoscope is used to view the retina with a
wide field of the retina and stereoscopic view.
 PRINCIPLE OF INDIRECT
OPHTHALMOSCOPE
 The technique is called indirect because the fundus is seen through
a condensing lens.
 The principle of indirect ophthalmoscope is to make the observer’s
eye myopic by placing a strong convex lens in front of it.
 When both the illuminating and reflected beam pass through the
pupil, that area of fundus is seen.
 The image is formed close to the principle focus of the lens, between
the lens and the observer.
 PARTS OF INDIRECT
OPHTHALMOSCOPE
1.Binocular Indirect ophthalmoscope: It consists of headband, binocular lens with mirrors, and a light
source. The examiner wears the device by positioning the headband around his or her head so that
the binocular lenses sit directly in front of the eyes. Mirrors in the device split the light reflecting
back toward the examiner so the image may be presented to each of the examiner’s eye.
a. Hand-held Condensing Lenses: During use, a hand held “condensing lens is held by the examiner, a few
inches above the patient’s eye. The purpose of the lens is to “gather” the light rays coming out from
the patients eyes which are divergent due to power of the cornea. This lenses produces a real
horizontally and vertically inverted image in front of the condensing lens. Typically lens which are
used have a range of +14D to +30D. There are many different types of lenses that doctors use.
Aspheric lenses are general multipurpose lenses that are used when not looking for anything in
specific.
b. Filters: BIO devices includes filters. A yellow filter offers protection to the users because of the
decreased intensity of the light entering the patients eye and provides protection to the patients
retina or provide comfort to the patient. Red-Free filters can be used to view blood membranes,
new vessels. Cobalt blue filters can be used clearly to view the eye after fluorescein angiography,
and may be used to do fluorescein angioscopy.
PROCEDURE OF INDIRECT
OPHTHALMOSCOPE AND USES
 Techniques: 1. First dilate the patients eyes properly with the help of 1%
tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine for the best dilation.
2. Position the patient for optimal viewing.
3. Choose the right lens from trial box. 20D lens is most commonly used in
binocular indirect ophthalmoscope.
4. Then minimize the lens distortion by holding in right side.
5. Adjust the indirect headset. First adjust the headband so that the scope is
secure on your head.
6. Depress the sclera so that it allows for dynamic viewing of the retina.
7. Darken the room.
8. Keep both eyes open.
9. Then observe Macula, Disc and posterior pole.
 Uses: 1. It is used to inspect the fundus or back of the eye.
2. It produces an stereoscopic image with between 2x and 5x magnification.
 CONCLUSION
So from here it can be concluded that indirect ophthalmoscopy
can be performed both monocularly and binocularly. It is
used to see the fundus or any type of disease is present in
our eye or not. It is used to see a stereoscopic view of fundus
and a wider field. It is low cost and it is preferred more than
direct ophthalmoscope.
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