Communicable and Non-

communicable Disease
 Communicable Diseases
 Definition
Caused by direct or indirect spread of pathogens
(bad germs) from a person or thing to another
 Pathogens and Vectors Pathogens are
disease causing agents (bad germs)
 Vectors are disease-causing organisms that carry
pathogens from one host to another
 For example: Mosquitoes transmit malaria
 Ticks transmit Lyme disease
 Common Types of Pathogens
 Bacteria
 Virus
 Fungi
 Protozoan
 Bacteria (100 million will fit in a
grain of sand.)
 Most common of all pathogens.
 Most DO NOT cause disease.
 Reproduces through cell division.
 Examples: Strep throat , Lyme disease
 Virus All viruses are considered
Parasites
 Smallest and simplest of micro-organisms. Can
only live on living cells It tricks human cells to
reproduce more viruses. Examples- chicken pox,
cold, flu, measles, rabies, HIV/AIDS
 Where Diseases Enter The Body
 A break in skin (cuts)
 Genitals
 Mouth
 Eyes
 Nose
 How diseases are spread
 Direct contact - touching infected area of person
 Indirect - sneezing, coughing, sharing personal
items
 Contact with vectors (animals and insects) – bites
 Other contact - eating contaminated food
 Prevention for communicable
diseases
 Wash hands
 Cover mouth when sneezing or coughing
 Proper care of food, don’t share food
 Eat healthy and exercise to improve immune
system
 Shower daily
 Non-communicable diseases
 Diseases that CANNOT be spread from one
person/thing to another
 Diseases that are not caused by pathogens (bad
germs)Can affect any system in the body
(circulatory, nervous, respiratory)Can be treated
but not usually cured
 Common Non-Communicable
Diseases
 Cancer
 Cardiovascular disease
 Heart Attack
 Stroke
 Types of Non Communicable Diseases
Type Causes/Risk Factors Examples
Diseases that are caused by hereditary
Present factors or that result from problems during  Sickle-cell
since birth a baby’s development or birth anemia
(Inherited)

Diseases to which unhealthful behavior  Many types of

Behavioral choices often contribute (i.e., eating high- heart disease
fat foods; being physically inactive; using  Most cases of
tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs; failing to lung cancer
manage stress properly)  Cirrhosis of the
liver
 Types of Non Communicable Diseases

Type Causes/Risk Examples

Factors
Diseases that are caused by  Some types of allergies
Environmental exposure to specific substances  Lung cancer caused by
in the environment or to breathing in asbestos particles
environmental hazards, such as  Respiratory diseases caused by
pollution, toxic wastes, and breathing in certain substances
secondhand smoke in polluted air

Unknown Diseases whose causes are  Alzheimer’s disease

unknown  Rheumatoid arthritis
 Chronic fatigue syndrome
 Preventing non-communicable
disease
 Have a balanced diet
 Get regular exercise
 Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs
 Regular check-ups can identify early warning
signs
Communicable
Diseases
•Also called infectious diseases.
•Passed through direct/indirect contact
•One living thing to another through
environment
•Mode of transmission: Direct contact, Indirect
contact, Airborne transmission
•Prevention: Washing hands, handling food
properly, avoid sharing eating utensils, practice
abstinence
•Cause : Pathogen i.e. viruses, bacteria, fungi
etc
Non-communicable
Diseases
•Also called non-infectious diseases
•Can be treated but not usually cured
•Not passed through direct/ indirect contact
•Non- infectious
•Non- transmissible
• No mode of transmission
•Medical science has identified certain habits
and behaviors, that either increase or decreases
the risk of many of these diseases
•Prevention: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
prevention depending upon disease
•Cause: Genetic, Environmental , lifestyle
Communicable Non-communicable
Diseases Diseases
•Examples: •Examples:
 Most common Respiratory diseases :  CVS diseases
1. Common cold  Risk factors:
2. Influenza 1. Tobacco use
3. Tuberculosis 2. High BP
 Hep A, B , C 3. High Cholesterol
 Measles 4. Stress
 Malaria 5. Excess weight
 STIS i.e. HIV/AIDS 6. Drug and Alcohol use
 Emerging diseases/ Infections: 7. Physical Inactivity
1. Monkey pox 8. Gender
2. SARS 9. Heredity
3. CORONA VIRUS 10. Age
 Cancer
 Diabetes