OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

• Identify the different types of information

• Explain the different providers and sources of information
• Understand the ways of evaluating information
• Explain the importance of data attribution and triangulation
 HOW IS
INFORMATION
CATEGORIZED?
 TYPES OF INFORMATION
1. SCHOLARLY
is information drawn from the research of
field experts.

this is peer-reviewed work.

 TYPES OF INFORMATION
2. PROFESSIONAL/TRADE
• information includes current news and
trends about specific industries.
• does not have to be peer-reviewed.
 TYPES OF INFORMATION
3. ENTERTAINMENT/POPULAR
• information meant for the general population.
• derive from or a discussion of people’s work.
 TYPES OF INFORMATION
4. OPINION
• is a viewpoint, judgment, or statement that
is not conclusive.
• sound opinions
• medical, legal, and judicial opinions
PROVIDERS OF INFORMATION
1. ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS
• members of academic institutions
continuously seek knowledge for themselves
and the community.
PROVIDERS OF INFORMATION
2. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
• an organization under government
responsible for the administration of
specific functions.

PAG-ASA, PHIVOLCS, PIA

PROVIDERS OF INFORMATION
3. PRIVATE SECTOR
• Includes businesses, organizations, and
other players in the economy that are not
owned or operated by the government.
PROVIDERS OF INFORMATION
4. PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS
• those who do not represent another person,
corporation, or group.
 SOURCES
OF
INFORMATION
SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. PRIMARY SOURCEs
Firsthand account.
• Thesis or Dissertation • Speeches
• Diaries • Photographs
• Interviews • Original works of art &
• Letters literature
University of Minnesota crookston

PRIMARY SOURCES
Records of events or evidence as they are first
described or happened without any interpretation or
commentary. It is information that is shown for the
first time or original materials on which another
research is based.
 SOURCES OF INFORMATION

2. secondary SOURCEs
Anything that comments on,
analyzes, or tackles a primary
source.
• Textbooks, biographies, Critical reviews.
University of Minnesota crookston

Secondary SOURCES

These sources offer an analysis or

restatement of primary sources. They often
try to describe or explain primary sources.
 SOURCES OF INFORMATION

3. tertiary SOURCEs
Sources that refer to a primary
or secondary sources.

• Dictionaries, handbooks, tables.

University of Minnesota crookston

tertiary SOURCES

These are sources that index,

abstract, organize, compile, or
digest other sources.
ATTRIBUTION AND
DATA
TRIANGULATION
 ATTRIBUTION AND DATA
TRIANGULATION

These are ways of evaluating

information.
Practices that we can adopt from
scientific researchers and journalists.
 ATTRIBUTION AND DATA
TRIANGULATION

Attribution
-identification of the sources of information.

“is the source known”

“is the source credible and reputable”
 ATTRIBUTION AND DATA
TRIANGULATION

Attribution
Dr. King said, "I have a dream."

Attributed to a person
 ATTRIBUTION AND DATA
TRIANGULATION

Attribution
 ATTRIBUTION AND DATA
TRIANGULATION

DATA TRIANGULATION
A process of finding two or more sources for
the same information.
“are the sources scholarly, academic, or reputable”
“are the facts verifiable”
 COMMON CODES IN
JOURNALISM

1. On the record
This is the strongest form of attribution
because the identity of the source of
information is fully known.
 COMMON CODES IN
JOURNALISM

2. On background
- a piece of information is said to be
from an “anonymous source”.
 COMMON CODES IN
JOURNALISM

3. Deep background
- means that the information source
cannot be identified in any way at all.
 COMMON CODES IN
JOURNALISM

4. Off the record

- means that the information may
not be used at all.