Unit 1 Tourism Concepts

UNIT-1
TOURISM CONCEPTS
TOURISM MANAGEMENT 1
SYLLABUS
1. Definitions and Historical Development of Tourism
2. Distinction between Tourist – Traveler – Visitor – Excursionist
3. Types and Forms of Tourism
4. Tourism System: Nature, Characteristics
5. Components of Tourism and its Characteristics
1. Concept and Meaning of Tourism
What is Tourism?
Tourism involves the activities of people travelling and staying in a place away from their home
environment for leisure, business or other purposes.
Mathieson and Wall (1982) define tourism as follows:

“The temporary movement of people to destinations outside their usual places of work and
residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities
created to cater to their needs.”
Tourism was mainly been traditional in its early form. With the evolution of cultures, economies,
and knowledge, tourism took a different form called sustainable tourism with the aspect of well-
planned tour, well-studied destination, and conservation of destination.
Tourism
Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destination outside the place where they
normally live and work and include the activities they indulge (treat, spoil, pamper etc.) in at the
destination as well as all facilities and service especially created to meet their needs. And the
people who move away from their usual place of work and stay for more than 24 hours and less
than a year are known as tourist.
Tourism market is divided into two categories:
1. Leisure tourist- recreation activities or enjoyment

2. Business tourist – main motive for travel is to make profit or expanding their business
Tourism is of two types:
1. Domestic tourism: residents of a country travelling within the borders of that country
2. International tourism: travelling from one country to another
 Inbound tourism - this refers to incoming tourist or tourist entering a country
 Outbound tourism- this refers to outgoing tourist or tourist leaving their country of
origin to travel to another country.
 FEW TERMS:
 Visitor (आगन्तुक): any person visiting a country other than his usual place of residence for any
other reason than following an occupation from within the country visited.
 Excursionist (भ्रमणवादी): a day visitor who stays for less than 24 hours at a place.
Excursionists do not stay overnight.
 Tourist (पर्यटक): a temporary visitor to a place. People who leave their usual place of
residence and work to have a change from their usual routine for a short time, they stay at
the place overnight i.e. for at least 24 hours.
 Traveller (यात्री): a person who travels from one place to another, irrespective of the purpose
of travel or duration of stay.
 Transit visitor (ट्रान्जिट आगन्तुक): a traveller who passes through a country without breaking
journey other than taking connecting transport.
 Destination (गन्तव्य): the place where the tourist travel for leisure or business related
activities. There can be no tourism without a destination. For a destination to develop and
sustain itself, the following five A’s are (classic five ‘A’s of tourism) are:
1. Accessibility – refers to transport and transport infrastructure.

2. Accommodation –refers to place to stay
3. Amenities- facilities available at the destination which help in meeting the needs of the
tourist.
4. Attraction- reason for travel( natural, human made, cultural, social)
5. Activities- thing to do.
6. Affordability- cost of tour
TOURISM IS MADE UP OF FIVE ELEMENTS:

 Traveller generating region
 Transit region
 Tourist destination region
 Tourist
 Tourism industry
All the above are influenced by the external environment.
2. Historical Development of Tourism
Different tourism experts categorized development of tourism into 6 stages/eras, and these are as
under:
1. The Empire Era (BC to 5th century )

2. The Middle age Era (5th to 14th century)
3. The Renaissance Era (14th to 16th century)
4.The Grand Tour Era (1613 to 1785 A.D)
5.The Mobility Era (1800 to 1944 )
6. The Modern Era (1945 to present )
1. The Empire Era (BC to 5th century )

The Empire Era are started from the time of the Egyptians to the Greek and finally came to an
end with the fall of the roman empire. During the time, people began travelling in large numbers
for governmental, commercial, educational and religious purposes. Factors that influence people
to travel during the Empire era :
 Affluent population with time and money to travel.
 Safe and easy travel.
 Widely accepted currencies.
 Widely used language.
 Legal system which protects personal safety.
2. The Middle age and Renaissance Era (5th to 14th century)
Travel almost disappeared during the Middle Ages where travel became dangerous and sporadic.
The travel situation during the middle Ages :
 Transportation and Safety declined
 Less acceptance of currencies and less knowledge of common languages
 Some travel by crusaders to Holy Lands
 Macro polo’ s historic travel in the late 13th century
 The rebirth in travel emerged slowly during the Renaissance Era (14 th to 16th century)
 Trade routes slowly began to reopen, as commercial activities grew and the merchants
ventured into new territories
 Increased interest in travel for commerce and pleasure
3. The Grand Tour Era (1613 to 1785 A.D)

 Trend of luxurious travel started by Wealthy English.
 Developed as a status symbol and spread throughout Europe.
 Goal was to experience the “Civilized World” and study the arts and sciences.
 These travel often lasted for several years.
 Growth in travel for business reasons.
4. The Mobility Era (1800 to 1944 )
 Growing economic activity.
 Increase in systems, modes, and speeds of travel (roads, railroads, steamships)
 Thomas Cook ( Father of Tourism) developed tour packages for mass travel.
 Invention of automobile and airplane expanded freedom to travel.
 In 1841, Thomas Cook organized the first tour for a group of 570 to attend a temperance
rally in Leicester, England.
5. The Modern Era (1945 to present)

 Paid vacations introduced in the early 1990s made leisure travel possible for working and
middle classes.
 Millions of people were introduced to international travel during world war II.
 Advent of Jet travel shortened travel time.
 Time, money, safety and interest in travel led to unparalleled growth of tourism.
 Development of mass tourism.
OR,
The historical development of tourism is divided into three stages as follows:
1. Prehistoric age
Prehistoric age of tourism reveals the developments of wheels and money. This was the age when fire was
developed. People used to travel from one place to another in search of shelter. People in this stage used
to travel on foot. Animals were used as a means of transportation, bull carts, horse, donkeys, camel etc.
animals were used to carry loads from one place to another. People began to do agriculture. Agriculture
was one of the main occupations of people in this stage. Thus, money was used in agriculture for buying
and selling of crops.
2. Middle age
In the middle age people started travelling for discovering the landscapes and increasing their
knowledge and skills and abilities. Sea and water transportation system was developed during this
stage. The famous discovers such as Macro Polo and Alexander began the era of this stage of
tourism. They discovered various landscapes and islands. It was the intermediate age which constituted
some elements of prehistoric age as well as some elements of early pleasure stage. During this stage land
transportation was not properly developed. Marine transportation was given much more priority.
People started travelling from one continent to another or one country to another with the help of marine
transports.
However people don’t travel for their pleasure. They used to travel for discovering geographical
regions and increasing the knowledge about landscapes trade and commerce were much developed in this
stage.
3. Early pleasure age
As the name itself suggest it is the age when people travel for their satisfaction and comfort. They travel
for their pleasure. Romans were the first to began the beginning of this stage. People during this stage
travel for arts, music, games, natural beauty etc. During this age, land transportation was fully developed.
Roads and highways were constructed. There was every means of transportation machines and
communication facilities. People started to travel to enjoy their vacation in different cities. As a result sea
resorts, hotels, motels were developed in different cities to facilitate the tourist. People traveled for
religious pleasure, natural pleasure, for engaging in different enjoyment activities.
1. Traveler (यात्री): Any person who is taking trip within or outside his/her own country of residence
irrespective of the purpose of travel, means of transport used, even though he/she may be travelling on
foot.
2. Tourist (पर्यटक): A tourist is a person who travels to destination outside hi/her residence and working
place, and stays for at 24 hours, for the purpose of leisure or business.
3. Excursionlist (भ्रमणवादी): An excursionlist is a person who temporarily visits a destination and stays for less
than 24 hours, for the purpose of leisure or business, but not for transit.
 International excursionist: A visitor who does not spend the night in a collective or private
accommodation in the country visited.
 Domestic excursionist: A visitor who does not spend the night in a collective or private
accommodation in the place visited within the his/her own country .
Visitor ((आगन्तुक)):
 International visitors: Any person who travels to a country other than that in which he/she has his/her
usual residency but outside his/her usual environment for a period not exceeding twelve months and whose
main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the country visited.
 Domestic visitors: Any person residing in a country, who travels to a place within the country but outside
his/her usual environment for a period of not exceeding twelve months and whose main purpose of visit is
other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place.
S. VISITOR TOURIST EXCURSIONIST
No.
1 Any people visiting a Any person coming to country Any person visiting a
country other than that in for legitimate reason other country other that his
which he/she has his usual than immigration and who residence and remaining
place of residence, for any stays at least 24 hours and at less than 24 hours.
reason other than most 6 months during the
following occupation same year.
remunerated from with
country visited and
remaining at least 24
hours.
2 They stay more than 24 They stay more than 24 hours They stay less than 24
hours and less than 1 and less than 6 months. hours.
month.
3 They are not involved in There activities should be of They shouldn’t get
earning activities. ‘Economic Nature’. involved in earning
activities.
4 All visitors are not Al the tourists are called All visitors may be
tourists. visitors. excursionists.
3.1 Types of Tourism
Tourist can be defined as a person, who makes a tour away from home for leisure, business or
other purposes for more than one day but less than a year. Based on their various needs and
reasons for travelling, tourists are classified in the following categories:
Different types of tourism:
1. Mass Tourism: It is the most recent phenomenon of the modern
tourism. This concept emerged along with the concept of paid
holiday. It focuses on more number of tourists instead of
selective or elite tourists. The development of air ways and sea
ways has helped to travel many people at once. Many travel
agencies focus on package-tourism due to many people.
2. Village and Urban Tourism: In village tourism, all activities

are concerned within village. A village is selected as a model
village. A few guest room and kitchen are developed without
disturbing the village environment. Urban tourism focuses on
city tourism where big hotels and restaurants are developed.
3. Cultural Tourism: It is related to the tours to culturally rich
places. The tours are arranged to provide knowledge on culture,
religion, beliefs, attitudes, social behaviors and so forth.
4. Adventure Tourism: It involves three basic components;

an element of risk, higher level of physical involvement,
and specialized skills to participate. For e.g. rafting,
trekking, bungy-jumping etc.
5. Conference Tourism: Big business-homes, multi-national

companies, government etc. organize meetings, conventions,
conferences that make people visit different places and
countries.
6. Eco-Tourism: This type of tourism is the need of modern
era. This type of tourism is organized in natural
environment and the tourists observe man-nature
relationship.
7. Recreational Tourism: It concerns with recreational

activities, mostly centralized in big cities. For e.g.,
casinos at Los Angeles, Night Clubs at Bangkok etc.
8. Health Tourism: This type of tourism was in more demand in

late 19th century. People visit different places for better health
and refreshed mind.
9. Sustainable Tourism: This concept emphasizes on

public participation. It does deal with the
study of carrying capacity of the earth.
10. Historical Tourism: It focuses on visiting historically

important places like museums, monuments, archaeological
areas and so forth.
11. Domestic and International Tourism: Domestic tourism

focuses on earning local currency while international tourism
focuses on earning foreign currencies.
12. Ethnic Tourism: This type of tourism is concerned with

organizing tours to visit many indigenous communities
and native people of the places.
13. Business and Leisure Tourism: Business category includes

tourists visiting for business purposes while that travel for
holidays are the leisure travelers.
3. Forms of Tourism
3.1 Forms of Tourism
Tourism is one of the world’s fastest-growing industries and a major foreign exchange and employment
generation for many countries. It is one of the most remarkable economic and social phenomena.
The world ‘tour’ is derived from the Latin word tornus, meaning ‘a tool for making a circle’. Tourism may
be defined as the movement of the people from their normal place of residence to another place ( with the
intention to return) for a minimum period of twenty-four hours to a maximum of six months for the sole
purpose of leisure and pleasure.
According to WTO (1993) “Tourism encompasses the activities of persons traveling and staying in places
outside there usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other
purposes.”
The Rome Conference on tourism in 1963 defined tourism as ‘a visit to a country other than one’s own or
where one usually resides and works’. This definition, however, did not take into account domestic tourism,
which has become an important money-spinner and job generator for the hospitality industry.
The UNWTO defines tourists as ‘ people who travel to and stay in place outside their usual environment for
not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an
activity remunerated from within the place visited’.
According to the Tourism Society of Britain,” tourism is the temporary short-period movement of people to
destination outside the places where they normally live, work; and activities during there stay at these
destinations.” This definition includes the movement of people for all purposes.
1. Leisure Tourism
Tourists may travel to experience a change in climate and place and learn something new, enjoy pleasant
scenery, or to know more about the culture of a destination. lourists, who seek break from the stress of day to
day life, devote their holiday to rest and relaxation, refresh themselves. These tourists prefer to stay in some
quiet and relaxed destination preferably at a hill resort, beach resort or island resort. Nowadays tourists
undertake various adventure sports activities for leisure and to refresh themselves after working hard..
2. Cultural Tourism
It is also called as heritage tourism. People are curious to know about foreign lands and their cultures. Culture
is most important factors which attracts tourists to a destination. Cultural tourism gives insight to;
 Way of life of the people of distant land
 Dress, jewelicry, dance, music, architecture
 Customs and traditions
 Fairs and festivals
 Religions
 Culinary delights
3. Religious Tourism
It is also called as Pilgrimage tourism / Spiritual tourism. It is a form of tourism, where people travel
individually or in groups for pilgrimage. I he world s largest form of mass religious tourism takes place at the
annual Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Modern religious tourists arc more able to visit holy cities
and holy sites around the world. ‘l1he most famous holy cities are Jerusalem, Mecca and Varanasi,
Pashupatinath, Taplejung Pathibhara, Manakamana, Muktinath etc.
4. Family Tourism
Family tourism involves the family unit and their participation in diverse forms of tourism activity. This
includes visiting one’s relatives and friends for interpersonal reasons. Many people in India travel for visiting
their friends and relatives. While visiting friends or relatives, people also visit tourists’ attractions in and
around the city.
5. Health Tourism
Health tourism is also called as Medical tourism. People have been travelling for centuries to improve and
rebuild their health and stamina. Today, many people travel great distances to exotic locations or health care
facilities in faraway countries, in search of medical treatment and care. Medical tourism is an age-old concept
that has gained popularity in the recent times. Many developing countries are emerging as hot medical
tourism destinations capitalizing on low cost advantages. Many hospitals have specially designed packages
including resorts facilities. Thus health tourism covers one or more of the following aspects-
 Change of climate
 Alternative therapy- Ayruvedic treatment, hot springs, Naturopathy and art of living
 Medical treatment
6. Sports Tourism
Sports Tourism refers to travel which involves either viewing or participating in a sporting event staying apart
from their usual environment. Sport tourism is a fast growing sector of the global travel industry. Sports
tourism refers to people travelling to participate in a competitive sport event. Normally these kinds of events
are the motivators that attract visitors to visit the events like Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup. Sports
tourism can be adventurous also. Adventure sport tourism is also called as Adventure tourism. Adventure
sport tourism is more challenging because it takes the tourists into regions which are less frequently visited.
and may not have easy access. According to the National lour Association, adventure tourism is a “tour
designed around an adventurous activity such as rafting, hiking, or mountain climbing.”
Adventure sports tourism is a package of;

 Recreation
 Enjoyment
 Education
Thrills of participating in an adventure
Adventure tourism has various forms, which can be broadly categorized as follows:
 Land Adventure
 Water Adventure
 Ariel Adventure
7. Educational Tourism
Educational tourism developed, because of the growing popularity of teaching and learning of knowledge and
the enhancing of technical competency outside of the classroom environment. In educational tourism, the
main focus of the tour visiting another country to learn about the culture, such as in Student Exchange
Programs and Study Tours, organizing specialized lectures of the eminent personalities and for research
image:

 Recreation
 Enjoyment
 Education
 Land Adventure
 Water Adventure
 Ariel Adventure
Educational Tourism
image:

 Recreation
 Enjoyment
 Education
 Land Adventure
 Water Adventure
 Ariel Adventure
Educational Tourism
image:
Concept of Tourism System
Tourism system tries to explain how tourism works. It can explain the tourist firm’s competitive
environment, its market, its result, its linkage with other institutions, the consumer and the
interaction of the firm with the consumer. In addition a system can take a macro viewpoint and
examine the entire tourism system of a country, state, or area and how it operates within and
relates to system, such as legal, political, economic and social systems. Tourism system is not
made up only of hotels, airlines or the so-called tourist industry but rather a system of major
components linked together in an intimate and interdependent relationship.
According to Gunn, “The functioning tourism system, consisting of the supply side of attraction
services, promotion, information and transportation.”
According to Lie Per, “Tourism system is ‘tourist generating regions’ connected to ‘tourist
destination regions’ by means of ‘transit routes’ .
OR,
Concept of Tourism System:
Tourism system consists of several interrelated parts working together to achieve common
purposes.
 To emphasize the interdependence in tourism; the tourism system is like a spider’s web
— touch one part are felt throughout the system.
 The tourism system model framework provides a more comprehensive view of tourism: it
captures “the big picture”.
 The second reason is because of the open system nature of tourism.
 Tourism system is dynamic and constantly changing. New concepts are always arriving in
tourism, such as eco tourism, TSA (The Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) is a standard
statistical framework and the main too/for the economic measurement of tourism,).
 The third reason is the complexity and varied in all aspect of tourism.
Nature of Tourism System
From a conceptual point of view, we can think of tourism as, the activities of person travelling to
and staying in places outsides their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for
leisure, business and other purposes. While, this is not a strict technical definition, it does convey
the essential nature of tourism, i.e.
1. Tourism arises out of movement of people to, and their stay in, various places or destinations.
2. In tourism, buy and sale product doesn’t mean to buy the property as a tangible product. It is
an agreement to buy and sell products.
3. The service can’t be provided by single enterprise. It is compilation of each service.
4. The product of tourism can’t be transported. The customer needs to move to the product
themselves.
5. The citizen of a country are directly or indirectly involved in tourism by their work, response
and behaviors towards tourists. There are two elements in tourism - the journey to the
destination and the stay (including activities) at the destination.
6. The journey and stay take place outside the usual environment or normal place of residence
and work so that tourism gives to activities that are distinct from the resident and working
populations of the places though which tourists travel and stay.
7. The movement to destination is temporary and short term in character – the intention is to
return within a few days, weeks or months.
8. Destinations are visited for purposes other that taking up permanent residence or employment
in the places visited.
OR,
Ownership of tourism is non-transferable
Tourism is an assembled product
Tourism product doesn’t move
Tourism products are non-storable
Tourism products are non-storable
1. Ownership of tourism is non-transferable:
In tourism, buy and sale product doesn’t mean to buy the property as a tangible product. It is
an agreement to buy and sell products.
2. Tourism is an assembled product:

This service can’t be provided by a single enterprise. It is compilation of each service.
3. Tourism product doesn’t move:

The product of tourism can’t be transported. The customers need to move to the products
themselves.
4. Tourism products are non-storable:

Service-production is typically fixed to time and space. A service ‘dies’ if it is not sold within
a given time. It can’t be stored.
5. Every citizen part of tourism:

The citizens of a country are directly or indirectly involved in tourism by their work,
response and behaviors towards tourists.
Characteristics of Tourism System

 Tourist Destination
 A total experience
 Service Industry
 Composite in Nature (‘one industry’ concept)
Tourist needs and demands are generally defined in terms of the following 5A’s:
1. Attractions
Tourists are motivated to leave their normal place of residence (the origin market) and travel to destinations.
What they are actually travelling to can be considered the attraction base of the destination area. A tourist
attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited cultural value, historical
significance, natural or built beauty, or amusement opportunities. Some examples include historical places,
monuments, ZOOS, museums and art galleries, botanical gardens, buildings and structures (e.g. castles,
libraries, former prisons, skyscrapers, bridges), national parks and forests, theme parks and carnivals, ethnic
enclave communities, historic trains and cultural events. Many tourist attractions are also landmarks. Tourist
attractions are also created to capitalize on unexplained phenomena such as a supposed UFO crash site near
Roswell, New Mexico and the alleged Loch Ness monster sightings in Scotland. Ghost sightings also make
tourist attractions. Attractions also include the activities (another ‘A’) that can be undertaken at the
destination. These may be physical, for example, diving and white water rafting or they may be passive, for
example, sun baking and relaxing on a beach.
2. Access
Transport is needed to physically move tourists from where they live to where they are
visiting. Globally, air transport dominates the movement of international visitors. In Australia roads and
private motor vehicles serve as significant forms of access. Scaled roads offer greater opportunities for
vehicle access. A healthy ground touring sector, either day or extended coach tours, is also required to serve
the needs of tourists who prefer not to transport themselves.
3. Accommodation
All destinations need accommodation nearby otherwise tourists will have nowhere to
sleep. This seems basic enough but investors will only invest in accommodation infrastructure if
there is sufficient economic return. Many areas of Australia are blessed with excellent attractions
and are readily accessible but (for a whole range of reasons) lack tourist accommodation. In
recent ears the market has seen a proliferation of accommodation types from basic camping and
backpacking facilities to mega-resorts.
Successful accommodation development, more then ever before, depends on building the right
type of facility to suit the needs of a profitable segment of the market.
4. Amenities
Amenities are the services that are required to meet the needs of tourists while they
are away from home. They include public toilets, signage, retail shopping, restaurants and cafes,
visitor centers, telecommunications and emergency services Because many of the amenities arc
government services delivered by local, state and national agencies, a high degree of co-
operation is needed, particularly where tourist services may be seen to be competing with the
needs of local residents.
5. Awareness
I laying the best attractions, access, accommodation and amenities in the world is
totally useless if the awareness factor is missing. Awareness in this sense has three meanings.
Firstly, the local population must have a positive attitude (another A) toward tourism. If the local
community sees “tourists as terrorists” then this will have a negative impact. Secondly, those in
the front line of tourism, that is, those who directly interface with tourists must have strong,
positive attitudes towards tourists. This includes the shops, post offices, road houses and the
many other businesses that come in contact with tourists, not just the hotels and restaurants. In all
a local community must be made aware of the value of tourism. The third plank in the awareness
platform is market awareness. The destination or more importantly, the destination’s image must
be a strong, positive one and firmly implanted in the tourist’s mind.
OR,
COMPONENTS OF TOURISM (4 ‘A’s OF TOURISM)
 It is the most important factor to attract the tourists towards the motivated destinations.
 It attracts tourists by providing all the facilities towards the destinations.
 The basic components or 4’A’ s of tourism are as follows:
1) ATTRACTION:
 It is the most important element & object that attract people to travel.
 It includes cultural sites, archeological sites, historical buildings & monuments or scenery
like flora & fauna, beach, resorts, mountains, national parks.
 It also includes events like trade fairs, exhibitions, sports events etc.
 It is the preconditions of travel. It attracts the people & provides pleasure.
 It attracts & attaches people to enjoy & involve in tourism activities.
 Two types of attraction:
a) Natural Attraction: Attraction places made by nature. E.g. climate, natural beauty,
landscape, mountains, water resources, flora & fauna, wild life, beaches, safari, caves etc.
b) Man-Made Attraction: Attraction developed by man. E.g. historical buildings,

monuments, music, festivals, temples, churches, leisure parks, Disney lands, museums,
discos, casinos etc.
2) ACCESSIBILITY:
 It is important key factor for the development of tourism.
 Attraction may be wherever but without accessibility can’t reach towards that place.
 It is the mode of transportation which helps the tourist to reach the destination.
 Three type of transportation:
a) Surface: Transportation in land through roadways or railways. It is the cheapest means of

transportation.
b) Air Transportation: Transportation through airways to travel long distance. It has helped
alot as people can travel long journey as well as they can travel through high mountains.
c) Water Transportation: Transportation through water. It made important contribution to

travel in 19th century after the innovation of shipping technology.
3) ACCOMMODATION:
 It includes food & lodging facilities to the guest.
 It should be comfortable and services & facilities should be provided.
 Two types of accommodation:
a) Serviced Accommodation: It refers to the services provided by the hotel, lodges etc.
Different hotels are established to provide service of lodging & food to the guest.
b) Self Catering or Supplementary Accommodation: It refers to the premises which offer

accommodation but not the services of hotel. It provides food & accommodation in return of
cash per day. E.g. Youth Hostel, Dharmasalas, Pati-Pauwa, Tourist holiday villages etc.
4) AMENITIES:
 Extra facilities & services required to the guest while traveling.
 Facilities complement to the attraction.
 It also provides facilities like providing visa, tickets etc.
 Two types of amenities:
a) Natural: Seashores, sea bath, fishing, rock climbing, trekking, sightseeing, river, sunrise etc.
b) Man made: Dance, Music, Drama, Cinema, Swimming Pool, Fair & Festivals, and Internet
etc.

Unit 1 Tourism Concepts

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Unit 1 Tourism Concepts

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UNIT-1

Mathieson and Wall (1982) define tourism as follows:

Tourism market is divided into two categories:

1. Leisure tourist- recreation activities or enjoyment

Tourism is of two types:

1. Accessibility – refers to transport and transport infrastructure.

TOURISM IS MADE UP OF FIVE ELEMENTS:

All the above are influenced by the external environment.

1. The Empire Era (BC to 5th century )

1. The Empire Era (BC to 5th century )

3. The Grand Tour Era (1613 to 1785 A.D)

5. The Modern Era (1945 to present)

2. Village and Urban Tourism: In village tourism, all activities

4. Adventure Tourism: It involves three basic components;

5. Conference Tourism: Big business-homes, multi-national

7. Recreational Tourism: It concerns with recreational

8. Health Tourism: This type of tourism was in more demand in

9. Sustainable Tourism: This concept emphasizes on

10. Historical Tourism: It focuses on visiting historically

11. Domestic and International Tourism: Domestic tourism

12. Ethnic Tourism: This type of tourism is concerned with

13. Business and Leisure Tourism: Business category includes

Adventure sports tourism is a package of;

Adventure sports tourism is a package of;

Adventure sports tourism is a package of;

 The second reason is because of the open system nature of tourism.

Ownership of tourism is non-transferable

Tourism is an assembled product

Tourism product doesn’t move

Tourism products are non-storable

Tourism products are non-storable

2. Tourism is an assembled product:

3. Tourism product doesn’t move:

4. Tourism products are non-storable:

5. Every citizen part of tourism:

Characteristics of Tourism System

b) Man-Made Attraction: Attraction developed by man. E.g. historical buildings,

a) Surface: Transportation in land through roadways or railways. It is the cheapest means of

c) Water Transportation: Transportation through water. It made important contribution to

b) Self Catering or Supplementary Accommodation: It refers to the premises which offer

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