8085

Microprocessor

Dr. Manju Khurana

Assistant Professor, CSED
TIET, Patiala
manju.khurana@thapar.edu
 Introduction to Microprocessor Based Systems Design

Pin Diagram of Intel 8085

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 Introduction to Microprocessor Based Systems Design

8085 Pin Description

 The 8085 is an 8-bit general purpose microprocessor that can address 64K Byte of memory.
 It has 40 pins and uses +5V for power. It can run at a maximum frequency of 3 MHz.
 The pins on the chip can be grouped into 9 groups:
 Address Bus and Data Bus
 Status Signals
 Control signal
 Interrupt signal
 Power supply and Clock signal
 Reset Signal
 DMA request Signal
 Serial I/O signal
 Externally Initiated Signals.

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 Introduction to Microprocessor Based Systems Design

The Address and Data Busses

 Address Bus (Pin 21-28)
 16 bit address lines A0 to A15
 The address bus has 8 signal lines A8 – A15 which are unidirectional.
 The other 8 address lines A0 to A7 are multiplexed (time shared) with the 8 data bits.

 Data Bus (Pin 19-12)

 To save the number of pins lower order address pin are multiplexed with 8 bit data bus (bidirectional)
 So, the bits AD0 – AD7 are bi-directional and serve as A0 – A7 and D0 – D7 at the same time.
 During the execution of the instruction, these lines carry the address bits during the early part (T 1 state),
then during the late parts (T2 state) of the execution, they carry the 8 data bits.

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 Introduction to Microprocessor Based Systems Design

Status Signals
Status Pins – ALE, S1, S0
1. ALE(Address Latch Enable) : (Pin 30)
 Used to demultiplexed the address and data bus
 +ve going pulse generated when a new operation is started by microprocessor.
 ALE = 1 when the AD0 – AD7 lines have an address
 ALE = 0 When it is low it indicates that the contents are data.
 This signal can be used to enable a latch to save the address bits from the AD lines.
2. S1 and S0 (Status Signal) : (Pin 33 and 29)
 Status signals to specify the kind of operation being performed .
 Usually un-used in small systems.

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 Introduction to Microprocessor Based Systems Design

Control Signals
Control Pins – RD, WR, IO/M (active low)
1. RD: Read (Active low) (Pin 32)
 Read Memory or I/O device
 Indicated that data is to be read either from memory or I/P device and data bus is ready for accepting data from
the memory or I/O device.
2. WR: Write (Active low) (Pin 31)
 Write Memory or I/O device
 Indicated that data on the data bus are to be written into selected memory or I/P device.
3. IO/M: (Input Output/Memory-Active low) (Pin 34)
 Signal specifies that the read/write operation relates to whether memory or I/O device.
 When (IO/M=1) the address on the address bus is for I/O device
 When (IO/M=0) the address on the address bus is for memory

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 Introduction to Microprocessor Based Systems Design

Control and status Signals

 When S0, S1 is combined with IO/M (active low), we get status of machine cycle

Z= Tristate, X = don’t care condition 7

 Introduction to Microprocessor Based Systems Design

Interrupts
 They are the signals initiated by an external device to request the microprocessor to do a
particular task or work.
 There are five hardware interrupts called, (Pin 6-11)
 On receipt of an interrupt, the microprocessor acknowledges the interrupt by the active low
INTA (Interrupt Acknowledge) signal.

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 Introduction to Microprocessor Based Systems Design

Power supply and Clock Signal

 Vcc (Pin 40) : single +5 volt power supply
 Vss (Pin 20) : Ground

 X0 and X1 : (Pin 1-2)

 Crystal or R/C network or LC network connections to set the frequency of internal clock generator.
 The frequency is internally divided by two.
 Since the basic operating timing frequency is 3 MHz, a 6 MHz crystal is connected to the X 0 and X1 pins.
 CLK (output) : (Pin 37)
 Clock Output is used as the system clock for peripheral and devices interfaced with the microprocessor.

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 Introduction to Microprocessor Based Systems Design

Reset Signals
 Reset In (input, active low) (Pin 36)
 This signal is used to reset the microprocessor.
 The program counter inside the microprocessor is set to zero (0000H)
 The buses are tri-stated.

 Reset Out (Output, Active High) (Pin 3)

 It indicates microprocessor is being reset.
 Used to reset all the connected devices when the microprocessor is reset.

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 Introduction to Microprocessor Based Systems Design

DMA Request Signals

 DMA:
 When 2 or more devices are connected to a common bus, to prevent the devices from interfering with each
other, the tristate gates are used to disconnect all devices except the one that is communicating at a given instant
.
 The CPU controls the data transfer operation between memory and I/O device.
 DMA operation is used for large volume data transfer between memory and an I/O device directly.
 The CPU is disabled by tri-stating its buses and the transfer is effected directly by external control circuits.
 HOLD (Pin 38)
 This signal indicates that another device is requesting the use of address and data bus.
 So it relinquish the use of buses as soon as the current machine cycle is completed.
 Microprocessor regains the bus after the removal of a HOLD signal
 HLDA (Pin 39)
 On receipt of HOLD signal, the MP acknowledges the request by sending out HLDA signal and leaves out the
control of the buses.
 After the HLDA signal the DMA controller starts the direct transfer of data.
 After the removal of HOLD request HLDA goes low. UCS617: Microprocessor Based Systems Design
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 Introduction to Microprocessor Based Systems Design

Serial I/O Signals

These pins are used for serial data communication
 SID (input) Serial input data (Pin 4)
 It is a data line for serial input
 Used to accept serial data bit by bit from external device
 The data on this line is loaded into accumulator bit 7 whenever a RIM instruction is executed.

 SOD (output) Serial output data (Pin 5)

 It is a data line for serial output
 Used to transmit serial data bit by bit to the external device
 The 7th bit of the accumulator is outputted on SOD line when SIM instruction is executed.

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 Introduction to Microprocessor Based Systems Design

Externally Initiated signal

 Ready (input) (Pin 35)
 Memory and I/O devices will have slower response compared to microprocessors.
 Before completing the present job such a slow peripheral may not be able to handle further data or control
signals from CPU.
 The processor sets the READY signal after completing the present job to access the data.
 It synchronize slower peripheral to the processor.
 The microprocessor enters into WAIT state while the READY pin is disabled.

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