Lecture 2

Machining
MCP 101
By
Kusum Meena
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Project
Project title by 25th August

Groups and Group representatives

Project details – can go beyond your workshop learning

No reimbursement
Stents
Function – to restore the normal functioning
of an artery.
Stent Designs
Stent design characteristics:

•Low profile—ability to be crimped on the catheter

•Flexibility – sufficient expansion, conform to the vessel

wall, navigation through the vasculature.

•Mechanical strength - withstand the radial forces after

implantation
Stents Manufacturing prerequisites
Absence of heat affected zone.

Smooth and clean - cut edges with no recast layers.

High geometry Precision and accuracy.

High quality surface finishes.

Stents Manufacturing

Manufacturing Methods- Raw material –

Sheet, Tubing, Wire etc.
• Etching, Micro-electro discharge
Machining, Laser cutting
Electroforming, Die-casting, and
Welding.
Laser cutting
Cutting tool/ Energy Source - Laser Material Removal - Uses an intensely focused
laser beam to cut through the material by
Light amplification by stimulated
vaporization, melting, chemical ablation.
emission of radiation

Material – Metals and alloys, Polymers,

wood, Paper, Ceramics.
Sublimating or Vaporizing

• Phase change from a solid state to a gaseous

state, with no intermediate liquid phase.

• Material quickly absorbs energy in which

there is no chance for melting to occur.
Melting

• Laser beam heating  melting of material

 Assisted gas (Inert or non-reacting gases
such as helium, argon, and nitrogen ) from
the coaxial nozzle expels the material from
the cut

• Melting requires less energy about a tenth

of the sublimating laser cuts.
 Reactive gas Laser Cutting

• Melting the material with a laser beam a stream of

reactive gas (oxygen gas) comes out of the coaxial
nozzle  reacting with the molten metal  reaction
is an exothermic process  heat is released 
assists in the melting  which is about 60% of the
total energy required to cut the material.
• Suitable for easily oxidised metals.
Laser material interaction
Laser material interaction
Stents Manufacturing prerequisites
Absence of heat affected zone.

Smooth and clean - cut edges with no recast layers.

High geometry Precision and accuracy.

High quality surface finishes.

Coronary stent Dimensions –

• Diameter - 2.5 to 4.0 mm, L - 8 to 38 mm, wall thickness - 80-100 µm and

the strut width is 80 µm.
Sublimating or Vaporizing

• Phase change from a solid state to a gaseous

state, with no intermediate liquid phase.

• Material quickly absorbs energy in which

there is no chance for melting to occur.
Femto-second laser cutting
An ultra-short pulsed laser capable of producing pulses of magnitude in the (1-900) *
10-15 second range.

These high-power high intensities (typically > 1013 W/cm2) , ultra- short pulses cause direct
solid to plasma ablation of most materials including metals, ceramics and polymers.

Interaction time is so short  heat is not conducted into the bulk material  referred as “athermal”
(i.e. no heat) process.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0a-xD6yaL9c
Femto-second laser cutting

Useful for production of medical devices, such as catheters, heart valves and medical stents,
and manufacturing of dental implant ceramic materials.