Learning Module 4:

Lesson 2&3
Instructor: Ms. Felisa D. Priego
 Lesson 2: Organizational Structure of Fake
News in the Philippines
 The following lesson notes will help you discover how the parts of fake news in the
Philippines are organized or presented.
 The determination of the parts of fake news in the Philippines will be based on the
model that Teun van Dijk suggested in 1985, and it is known as Superstructure
Schema of News Discourse.
Below is an illustration of the Superstructure Schema of News
Discourse.

Fake news in the

Philippines may or
may not have the
components of the
Superstructure
Schema of News
Discourse.
 Summary and Story are the main categories of the news schema. The summary
consists of the headline, in which a topic may be introduced, and the lead, which
encapsulates the topic. The story comprises Situation and Comments. The situation
relates to the episode, which deals with main events and the consequences of those
events, and to the background, which consists of context (any situation that may be
instrumental in the understanding of the subject matter and of any previous events).
History, which is an element of the background, refers to events that happened in
previous years rather than in preceding months, weeks, or days. The comments
category is composed of verbal reactions, which are comments made by external
sources, and of conclusions, which are comments afforded by people involved in
the journalistic activity.
FAKE NEWS WITH ONLY A SUMMARY
(HEADLINE)
FAKE NEWS WITH SUMMARY AND
STORY
 FAKE NEWS ITEMS WITH NONE OF
THE COMPONENTS OF REAL NEWS
 The fabricated text reads: Siyam na Minutong Sampung Milyon ni Leni Robredo
(Leni Robredo's nine-minute ten million).
REAL NEWS
Examine the following real news item dissected into components of the
Superstructure Schema of News Discourse.
 Quiz 4
Instructions: Tell whether each of the following fake news items has (a) component(s)
of real news. If there is/are (a) component(s), identify it/them then, justify your
answer in less than five sentences.
1.
2.
Lesson No. 3 Description of Fake News in the Philippines in Terms of
Quantity, Complexity, Uncertainty, NonImmediacy, Sentiment, and
Informality
 Pay close attention to the following information about how fake news in the
Philippines is described in terms of quantity, complexity, uncertainty,
nonimmediacy, sentiment, and informality.
 Quantity, Complexity, Uncertainty, Non-immediacy,
Sentiment, and Informality in Fake News
 the fabricated text reads:
Description in terms of quantity, complexity, uncertainty, non-immediacy, and sentiment
was based on the English text. Description in terms of informality was based on the
Tagalog text
Description (based on the English text)

Quantity: 118 characters; 31 words; 1 sentence

Complexity: a. average word length: 4 characters

b. average sentence length: 31 words

Uncertainty a. percentage of modal verbs: 3% (should)

b. percentage of tentative words: 0%
c. percentage of generalizing terms: 3% (somebody)
d. percentage of numbers: 0%
e. percentage of quantifiers: 0%
f. number of quotations: 0
Description in terms of quantity, complexity, uncertainty, non-immediacy, and sentiment
was based on the English text. Description in terms of informality was based on the
Tagalog text

Sentiment
a. percentage of words that express positive emotion: 0%
b. percentage of words that express negative emotion: 0%
c. number of exclamation marks: 0

Informality
Typographical error ratio: 0
Description (based on the exact real news account)

Quantity:
792 characters; 157 words; 6 sentences

Complexity
a. average word length: 5 characters
b. average sentence length: 26 words

Uncertainty
a. percentage of modal verbs: 0%
b. percentage of tentative words: 0%
c. percentage of generalizing terms: 0%
d. percentage of numbers: 6%
e. percentage of quantifiers: 0

Non-immediacy
a. percentage of passive voice verbs: 0.7%
b. percentage of first-person singular pronouns: 0%
c. percentage of first-person plural pronouns: 0%
d. percentage of second-person pronouns: 0%
e. percentage of third-person pronouns: 0.7%
f. number of quotations: 1
Sentiment
a. percentage of words that express positive
emotion: 0.7% (approves0
b. percentage of words that express negative
emotion: 1.3 % (mandates, compels)
c. number of exclamation marks: 0

Informality
d. Typographical error ratio: 0

Implication:
(Narrative Writing)