Contents

► Automotive Body Network

► Sub Bus Concepts
► LIN Concepts
► LIN communication
► Difference Between CAN-LIN-J1850
► LIN Applications
Automotive Body Network
Mirror

Lock
Lock
Window Lift
Universal Light
CAN Light

Seat
Htng
Instruments
Htng Wiper
Power Train Central WHtg
Body Ctrl Roof Interior
ITS Light
Trunk
Htng
Climate
x6
Seat
Light Seat
Htng
St-Wheel Panel CAN

Universal Motor
Lock Lock
1 backbone, 13 nodes
8 subnets, 1-8 local nodes Sub-Bus Universal Panel
52 nodes total
Mirror
Network Structure
► Flat Network

► Hierarchical Network

► Subnets are necessary to reduce the busloads

on main bus
Sub Bus Concepts/Solutions

► Needs Standard bus system

► Cost driven: Solution must be cheaper than CAN
► Scalable: Capability to add new nodes
► Easy implementation
► Predictable worst case timing
► Simple state machine
LIN Concepts

► Low cost single wire implementation

► Speed : 20 Kbit/s
► Single master/multiple slave concepts
◙ No arbitration necessary
► Low cost silicon implementation based on UART/SCI
interface hardware
◙ Almost any microcontroller has necessary hardware
on chip
► Guaranteed latency times for signal transmission
Master/Slave Protocol
► Master Task
• Determines order and priority of messages.
• Monitors Data and check byte and controls the
error handler.
• Serves as a reference with its clock base (stable
clock necessary)

► Slave Task
• Is one of 2-16 members on the bus
• Receives or transmits data when an appropriate
ID is sent by the master.
• The node serving as a master can be slave, too!
Message Frame
message header message response

synch break synch field identifier 0 to 8 data fields checksum

 13 bit

Synchronisation Identifier byte

frame

Synchronisation field Message

Message Frame

► Synch Byte:

• Specific Pattern for Determination of Time Base

(Determination of the time between two rising edges)
• A Synch Byte precedes any Message Frame

► ID-Field:

• Message Identifier: Incorporates Information about the

sender, the receiver(s), the purpose, and the Data field length.
Length 6 Bit.
4 classes of 1/2/4/8 Data Bytes. The length coding is in the
2 LSB of the ID-Field. Each class has 16 Identifiers. A total of
64 Message Identifiers are possible.
• 2 Parity Bits protect this highly sensitive ID-Field.
Message Frame
► Identifier:
• The identifier field is sent by the master node to all LIN nodes

• This identifier normally contains one of 64 different values and

includes 2 parity bits in the 8 bit data

• The identifier is normally associated with a collection of signals

that are subsequently transmitted on the LIN bus

• In a specific case this can initiate SLEEP mode in the LIN slave
nodes – in this case no further data is transmitted on the LIN
bus
message header

synch break synch field identifier

 13 bit
LIN Communication
► Data from Master to Slave(s)

Master Node Slave Node A

LIN Master Task Slave Task Rec

quartz

Slave Task Rec Slave Task Trans

Slave Task Trans

Slave Node B

Slave Task Rec

Slave Task Trans

LIN Communication
► Data from Slave to Master

Master Node Slave Node

identifier synch field synch break
LIN Master Task Slave Task Rec
quartz

Slave Task Rec Slave Task Trans

data byte data byte checksum
Slave Task Trans
LIN Description File

The LIN description file contains

 Lin Protocol Version

 Lin Speed definition
 Nodes participated
 Node Attributes
 Signal Definition
 Frame Definition
 Schedule Table
Schedule Table

► It determines the traffic on the LIN bus

► Master task transmits frame headers based on
schedule table
► It specifies the identifier for each header and interval
between two message frames
► Master application may use different schedule tables
selects among them
► Switch between schedule table must be done at right
after the frame has elapsed
► It assures that LIN bus will not be overloaded
► The delay specified for every schedule entry shall be
longer than worst case frame transfer time
Controller Area Network

► Speed : 1mbps
► Supports Multimaster configuration
► Messages are not addressed to intended recipients, but
the sender's identifier is included. This tells the receivers
what data it contains so receiver ignores it if it is not
interested
► Message frame contains SOF, Arbitration field
Control field, Data field, CRC, Ack field, EOF
► Supports 11 and 29 bit identifier
Controller Area Network
► No predefined message sequence like LIN
► Not compatible with UART/SCI interface hardware
► Collisions are handled by arbitration
► Single or dual wire
► CAN simplifies wiring, adds functions for little
extra cost, and improves car diagnostics
► As per ISO 11898 voltages will be
CAN-High -Dominant : 2.75 -4.5V
CAN-High -Recessive :2.0-3.0V
CAN-Low -Dominant :0.5-2.25V
CAN-Low -Recessive :2.0-3.0V
J1850 protocol
► Speed : 41.7kbps(PWM),10.4kbps(VPW)
► Supports Multimaster configuration
► As per SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) standard,
J1850 is class 'B'( Speed 10-125kbps)
► 8 to 24 bits are used for identifier
► Message frame contains SOF, Header field, Data field,
CRC, EOD ,IN Frame response (Optional),
CRC (Optional), EOF
► As per J1850 VPW, Recessive :4.25 -20V,
Dominant :0-3.0V
► Useful for General information transfer, such as vehicle
speed ,emissions data
 CAN-LIN-J1850

25.6M D2B, MOST

token ring
optical bus
Byteflight
optical bus
2M
TTx (in definition)
Speed [bit/s]

time triggered
fault tol, dependable
2x2 wire
1M
CAN-C
event triggered
dual wire
t t h e low
a
125K
I N F its in n car
CAN-B L f i g
end o g, makin
event triggered in t
fault tolerant u lt iplex em a cos
m syst
dual wire
a L I N
s o lution
20K tive
LIN effec
master-slave
single wire bus
no quartz

1 2 4.5 10
incremental cost per node [$]
LIN Applications

Roof: Steering Wheel:

(very many controls are going to be
(high amount of wiring)
positioned on the steering wheel)
Rain Sensor, Light Sensor, Cruise Control, Wiper,
Light Control, Sun Roof Turning Light, …
… Optional: Climate Control,
(Rain Sensor needs to be
Radio, Telephone, etc.
interrogated every 10-20ms)

Seat:
many Seat Position Motors,
Occupancy Sensor,
Control Panel
•Door/window/seat:
Mirror,Central ECU,
Mirror, Switch, Window Climate:
Lift, many Small Motors
Seat Control Switch, Control Panel
Door Lock, etc.