TIME HISTORY

GROUP 2:
AIRA KAYE BUMATAY
JABEZ ARELLANO
MARIELLE CRISOLOGO
CHRISTINE ROSE MANUEL
MARK SHERLON TOLENTINO
What is Time History?

• The time history is the sequence of values of any time-

varying quantity (such as a ground motion measurement)
measured at a set of fixed times.
• Time history is a part of structural analysis and is the
calculation of the response of a structure to any
earthquake. It is one of the main processes of structural
design in regions where earthquakes are prevalent.
Time History Analysis
• Time history analysis is the use of an earthquake time
history to evaluate theresponse of your system. Can be
performed for both structures and soil.
• Also known as Non-Linear Dynamic Analysis.
• The goal is to use the time history that representative of
the potentialdesign of an earthquake that we’re expecting
in our site.
TWO MAIN METHODS WE USE TO GET OUR TIME HISTORIES
TO MATCH THEDESIGN SPECTRUM:
• Scaling (Time History or Ground Motion)
• Spectral Matching
– To scale initial time history, multiply it with a constant to obtain
scaled timeseries which is equal or exceeds the target
spectrum over a specified period range.On the other hand,
spectral matching requires modifying the frequency content
ofthe recorded acceleration time series to match the design
spectrum at all spectralperiods.
Ground Motion Scaling or Time History Scaling

• In this approach, recorded motion is simply scaled up or

down uniformly to bestmatch the target spectrum within a
period range of interest, without changingthe frequency
content.

• Involves modifying a time history’s Scale or Step in order

to try closely match thedesign response spectrum
 SCALLING
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Uses “Real” Earthquake time • Usually requires lots of time
histories histories
• Retains natural variances in • Greater variance in your
the Earthquake time histories computed response
• Allows you to focus response • Can take a lot of time to do.
on theperiod(s) of interest.
Spherical Matching
• In the literature several different algorithms were
developed to generateartificial spectrum compatible
acceleration time history (Preumont, 1 984; Boomerand
Acevedo, 2004; Adekrist and Eatherton, 201 6). In
general, spectral matchingmethod can be categorized into
three groups:
– The Frequency domain methods
– The Frequency domain methods with random vibration theory
– Time domain methods (Atik and Abrahamson, 2010)
The basic steps of this new methodology are
summarized below:
1. For each period and damping ratio, compute the response of an
elastic SDOFsystem.
2. To determine the inconsistency Compare the resulting response
spectrum foreach period and damping ratio with the target spectrum.
3. Calculate the spectral sensitivity matrix.
4. Calculate the set of wavelet magnitudes.
5. Add wavelets to the acceleration time histories with the
appropriate phase andamplitude to modify the spectral ordinates.6.
To obtain spectral match with acceptable tolerance iterate the
procedurerepeating by the above steps
 SPECTRAL MATCHING

Advantages
• Less variability
• Usually requires fewer
ground motions
• Sometimes easier to spot
design flawsfrom the system
response
Disadvantages
• Can result in unrealistic
earthquakeground motions
• Certain valuable aspects of
earthquaketime history can
be lost
• Can take a lot of time to do
SELECTING TIME HISTORIES
What kinds of factors should we consider when selecting time histories?
1. Range of magnitude. - Similar to the earthquake magnitude
associated to thedesign earthquake.
2. Fault distance. - The site distance is to be within ± 10 km of what
our site is,from the anticipated earthquake source.
3. Spherical Acceleration. - (within 20% - 30% at the natural
period(s) ofinterest,If possible). The closer the earthquake time
histories in the design responsespectrum the better the match.
4. Soil/Rock Type. - (site class etc.) Site class A, B, C, D or E, we
can filter therecorded ground motion based on their site class and
that way we could specifythe ground notions of just the same site
class that our site is.
THANK YOUUU!