HCD MASTER CLASSES

Prototype & Feedback

Identifying Community Centric Health Interventions

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 But how do we KNOW
if our ideas align with
values, motivations and existing
habits?
ABOUT HCD

An iterative process with simple tools

Who are we reaching? What do we think we What stands How could we respond? How could we measure?
What is our objective? know? What do we still in our way? What What do people think of our How could we improve?
need to know? opportunities exist? ideas?
TOOLS: TOOLS:
TOOLS: TOOLS: TOOLS:

1 OBJECTIVE 3 JOURNEY MAP 5 RAPID INQUIRY 7 IDEA GENERATION 9 PILOTING &

ITERATION
2 PERSONAS 4 AREAS OF 6 SYNTHESIS 8 PROTOTYPE &
INQUIRY & FEEDBACK
DISCUSSION
GUIDE
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Test, re-test and test again.
The HCD process is not a linear process. It
is an iterative process that revisits and
revises previous steps.

Testing ideas with the community, will help

you better understand the users, and help
you to improve your solutions. You must test
your ideas, improve them based on the
collected inputs and then return to test the
improved ideas with additional community
members.
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WHAT ARE PROTOTYPES?
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A prototype is anything a person can
5 look at and respond to.
6

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WHY DO WE USE
PROTOTYPES?
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The act of prototyping is a way of
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asking a question and testing an idea.
The purpose of prototyping is to invite
the community to shape the idea’s
form and function.
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3 Analytical Approach

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People are
rational
6

9 Analytical=
Do you like this idea?
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3 Human-centred Approach

5
People are
rational
6

8 human
9

HCD =
● Show me…
● Explain the best/worst
parts…
● Think aloud as you…
● How would you improve?
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A prototype is a quick example that
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is:
5

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1 Hands on / interactive
8

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Unfinished – a rough
2
approximation

3 Easy to interpret
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Sketching & Workflow or

Models Role play
visualizations storyboards
PROTOTYPING

Sketching & visualizations

Ideas that are two-dimensional — like a
sticker or a poster.
PROTOTYPING

1) Traditional clan leader sends 2) Leader comes home to 3 children

family to traditional healers sick with measles

Workflow diagrams or
storyboards
Ideas that are based on sequential steps —
like a radio spot or a service delivery 3) An immunization champion gets
children to hospital
4) Champion invites leader to father-
to-father support group
change.
PROTOTYPING

Models
Ideas that are three-dimensional — like a
waiting room or a reminder bracelet.
PROTOTYPING

Role-Play
Ideas that are an action or interpersonal
interaction — like a song or a conversation
between caregivers and HCWs.
ANALYTICAL APPROACH HCD
If it worked before, it The community must
will work again. try it first.

→ It is only by asking the

community that you will
understand what actually
works and what doesn’t.

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 A PROTOTYPE #1 PROTOTYPE #2
8 PROTOTYPE DESIGN What is the prototype you will be developing? Include details that will What is the prototype you will be developing? Include details that will
make your idea clear to the community (specific text, language, make your idea clear to the community (specific text, language,
DESIGN designs, actions, people, etc.) designs, actions, people, etc.)

TEST

REVISE

Develop your prototypes.

WHAT ARE PROTOTYPES?
A prototype is anything a person can look at and
respond to.

WHY DO WE USE PROTOTYPES? WHAT PROBLEM DOES THIS ADDRESS? Does this increase WHAT PROBLEM DOES THIS ADDRESS? Does this increase
The act of prototyping is a way of asking a B
coverage with equity? coverage with equity?

What problem does this address?

question and testing an idea. The purpose of
prototyping is to invite the community to shape
the idea’s form and function.

______________________________________

INSTRUCTIONS: WHY IS IT A GOOD IDEA? Why is this idea desirable to the WHY IS IT A GOOD IDEA? Why is this idea desirable to the
community? To all the users? community? To all the users?
For EACH of your top ideas (starred during the
previous exercise), plan a prototype. Why is it a good idea?
a. Describe the prototype in detail. The more
specific you are, the better feedback you will
collect with the prototype. WHERE WILL IT BE USED? Consider where and when this ideas WHERE WILL IT BE USED? Consider where and when this ideas
must be used. This is where you will approximate it to collect must be used. This is where you will approximate it to collect
b. Ensure your prototype aligns with the purpose

Where will it be used?

feedback. feedback.
of the idea: the problem it addresses, why it
might work and where it needs to be tested.

c. [Not on worksheet] Use pen, paper and other

materials to make your prototypes. Ask for an
illustrator’s or designer’s help if needed. HUMAN CENTRED DESIGN TRAINING WORKBOOK 16
EXAMPLE

Immunization Charms
WHAT PROBLEM DOES THIS ADDRESS?

● Remember to go to the clinic

● Visual display of support for immunization
● More durable than a paper record

WHY IS IT A GOOD IDEA?

● Easy to wear
● Does not require literacy
● Bright colors make it enjoyable to wear

WHERE WILL IT BE USED?

1. In the health facility after a birth

2. Community mobilizer visits mothers after home birth and
give them a bracelet
PROTOTYPING

Pick one of the ideas to prototype

Nominate the health worker for

Leverage naming ceremonies with
award by LGA + publish the health
the community leader and HCW both
facility name in the LGA/state
attending.
bulletin.

Add music to improve the wait of Talk to fathers about immunisation at

caregivers. This can also be used for the football viewing centers and
useful information on immunisation. make them vaccine champions.
 PROTOTYPING

8 DESIGN

TEST

REVISE

ACTIVITY:
In your groups:
● Pick one of the ideas shared this
morning
● Describe the prototype in details, the
more details the better
● Ensure it aligns with the purpose of
the idea
Collecting Feedback
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CONTINUOUS INQUIRY
2

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Prototyping is a means,
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not an end
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7 Continue to adapt the

8 solution as it scales up
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HUMAN CENTRED DESIGN TRAINING

During Prototype Testing:
Invite Criticism
1. Ask open ended questions
2. Respond to questions from participants
by inviting them to contribute their
own answer: What would you
prefer? How would you want this to
be designed?
3. Observe if their body language and
actions align with their verbal
feedback.
EVALUATION

Evaluate the prototypes

SUSTAINABLE
OVER TIME
DESIRABLE TO A
COMMUNITY TECHNOLOGICALLY
• Appealing FEASIBLE
• Inviting • Easy to implement
• Aligns with • Easy to use
values & beliefs • Technology available
• Supports existing
habits & priorities
FINANCIALLY VIABLE
• Affordable
• Aligns with programmatic
priorities
• Cost efficiencies over time
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Collecting feedback… but with lots of
4
people! You will need to determine:
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1 Learning goals
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Questions and/or
2
observations

3 Persons to speak with

EXAMPLE

Immunization Charms Example

1 Learning Goals: Learn to Scale and Scale to Learn

1. Do parents, and the community, interpret the bracelets as

demonstrating responsibility?

2. Are the bracelets motivating to parents? To community

members?

3. Do the bracelets serve as a reminder to parents? Do they

serve as a reminder to other parents?

4. Do health workers understand how to introduce and

explain the different charms on the bracelet?

5. Is another object more desirable?

EXAMPLE

Immunization Charms Example

1 Learning Goals: Learn to Scale and Scale to Learn

1. Do parents, and the community, interpret the bracelets as
demonstrating responsibility?

2 Questions and/or observations

1. Pretend I am a health worker. I give you this charm
bracelet to represent the number of vaccinations your child
has. Demonstrate to me: what would you do with it?
[Observe: does she put it on? put it in the bag? give it
back?]
2. Let me ask the next question to your friend: You see your
friend wearing this bracelet on her way back from the
clinic. What do you think? Would you ask her about it?
What would you ask?
EXAMPLE

Immunization Charms Example

1 Learning Goals: Learn to Scale and Scale to Learn

2 Questions and/or observations

3 Personas to speak with

1. Mothers (wear it)

2. Health workers (administer it)
3. Community (interpret and support it)
PROTOTYPE FEEDBACK

Each group will ‘TEST’ their prototype with a

volunteer from another group.

Everyone else: How would you improve the

prototype? Improve the testing?

5 minutes per team

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EVALUATION

3 NECESSARY HOW CAN THE IDEA BE MORE

IMPROVEMENTS THAT
EMERGED FROM
PROTOTYPING
What did the community think?
What did the community suggest?
DESIRABLE? Does the idea easily fit into people’s
lives? Is it asking as little of users as possible? Does it
align with persona motivations? Is it inviting?
HOW CAN THE IDEA BE SIMPLIFIED?
Is the idea understood and correctly used? Is the
technology required easily available? Can it be sustained
over time? Does it fit within the programme budget?

WHAT DO WE STILL NEED TO KNOW?

What do you still need to understand about how the ideas
will be used, administered, received by the community or
continue to be effective over time?