Dev Psych Adolescence Unit 6

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: UNIT VI
ADOLESCENCE
Sahar Soomro
Assistant Professor
ION&M,DUHS
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OBJECTIVES:
 At the end of this unit learners will be acquainted with:

 1. Impact of physical maturity.
 2. Impact of sexual maturity.
 3. Erickson’s identity vs. role confusion stage.
 4. Interpersonal relationships with parents and peer group.
 5. Problems of Adolescence.
 6. Piaget’s stage of cognitive development

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IMPACT OF PHYSICAL AND
SEXUAL MATURITY IN
ADOLESCENCE

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BOYS
 Puberty is the stage during which people reach full

reproductive ability and develop the adult features of
their gender.
 In boys, puberty usually occurs between the ages of 10
and 14 years. However, it is not unusual for puberty to
begin as early as age 9 or to continue until age 16.

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CONT.….
 The hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which are in the brain, initiate puberty. The hypothalamus secretes
luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, which stimulates the pituitary to secrete luteinizing hormone and follicle-
stimulating hormone.
 Luteinizing hormone causes the testes to produce testosterone . Follicle-stimulating hormone causes the testes to
produce sperm.

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CONT.….
 Testosterone is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics, features that stimulate male
development
 (including characteristics that are not part of the reproductive system, such as facial hair, growth and voice
change).

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CONT….
 Enlargement of the scrotum, and testes

 Lengthening of the penis (around age 11½ to 13 years)
 Enlargement of seminal vesicles and prostate gland
 Growth of pubic hair
 Growth of hair on face and in the underarms (about 2 years after pubic hair growth
starts)

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GIRLS
 Puberty is a sequence of events in which physical

changes occur, resulting in adult physical characteristics
and capacity to reproduce.
 These physical changes are regulated by changes in the
levels of hormones that are produced by the pituitary
gland—luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating
hormone.

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CONT….
 At birth, levels of these hormones are high, but they decrease within a few months
and remain low until puberty.
 Early in puberty, levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
increase, stimulating the production of sex hormones.
 The increased levels of sex hormones (primarily estrogen ) result in physical
changes, including maturation of the breasts, ovaries, uterus, and vagina. Normally,
these changes occur sequentially during puberty, resulting in sexual maturity.

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CONT.….
 The first change of puberty is usually the start of breast development.

 pubic and underarm hair begin to grow.
 Growth is fastest relatively early in puberty (before menstrual periods begin) and peaks at about age 12.
 Then growth slows considerably, usually stopping between the ages of 14 and 16.

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CONT.…
 The interval from breast budding to the first menstrual period (menarche) is usually about 2 to 3 years.
 during puberty, the girl's body shape changes, and the percentage of body fat increases and accumulates in the hips
and thighs.

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IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION
(ADOLESCENCE, 13–19 YEARS)
 Existential Question: Who Am I and What Can I Be?

 Exploration of different paths to attain a healthy identity

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IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION
 Teens – early 20s

 Teens refine sense of self
 Test new roles and incorporate them into an identity
 Important events: forming relationships with friends

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PROBLEMS IN ADOLESCENCE
 Growth and development

 Childhood illnesses that continue into adolescence
 Mental health disorders.
 Consequences of risky or illegal behaviors (including injury, legal consequences, pregnancy and infectious
diseases)

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CONT…
 Leading causes of death and disability among adolescents are:

 Unintentional injuries resulting from motor vehicle crashes.
 Injuries resulting from interpersonal violence.

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CONT.….
 During this phase of development, adolescents begin to transition from childhood to adulthood.
 Issues of independence, identity, sexuality, and relationships define this developmental stage.
 Mental health problems, such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and thought disorders (such as schizophrenia,
as well as psychosocial disorders, may develop or first become apparent during adolescence.

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CONT….
 Suicide is a major cause of death for this age group. Other causes of death include accidents, unintentional
injuries.
 Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, most commonly develop during adolescence and
are more common among girls.
 Many unhealthy behaviors that start during adolescence, such as consuming a poor diet , smoking, substance use,
and violence , can lead to immediate health problems, long-term disorders, or poor health later in life.

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PIAGET’S FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE
 Formal Operational Stage and is present when someone reaches about the age of 12 and continues into
adulthood.
 During this stage, the individual will demonstrate the ability to critically analyze situations, taking into
consideration reasoning and argument.

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CONT….
 The formal operational stage is characterized by the ability to formulate hypotheses and systematically test them
to arrive at an answer to a problem.
 The individual in the formal stage is also able to think abstractly and to understand the form or structure of a
mathematical problem.

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CONT…
 Another characteristic of the individual is their ability to reason contrary to fact. That is, if they are given a
statement and asked to use it as the basis of an argument they are capable of accomplishing the task.
 For example, they can deal with the statement "what would happen if snow were black"

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REFERENCES:
 Fadiman, James; Frager, Robert (2002). Personality and Personal Growth (5th ed.).
Pearson Prentice Hall.
 Berger, Kathleen Stassen (2008). The developing person through the life span (7th
ed.)

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POP QUIZ
According to Freud’s developmental stages, which stage involves the major site of tension and gratification being the
mouth, lips, and activities such as biting and sucking activities?
A. Anal
B. Oral
C. Latency
D. Phallic

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POP QUIZ
 According to Freud’s components of personality, which component deals with mature behavior and protect self
and copes with basic painful thoughts or feelings?
A. Id
B. Ego
C. Superego
D. Pre-operational

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 According to Piaget’s development stage, which stage develops logical thinking using tangible evidence?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Pre-operational
C. Concrete Operational
D. Formal Operational
E. Final Operational

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THANK YOU
Sahar Soomro
Sahar.soomro@duhs.edu.pk
Phone #


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DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: UNIT VI

 At the end of this unit learners will be acquainted with:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

 Puberty is the stage during which people reach full

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

 Enlargement of the scrotum, and testes

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

 Puberty is a sequence of events in which physical

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

 The first change of puberty is usually the start of breast development.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

 Existential Question: Who Am I and What Can I Be?

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 Teens – early 20s

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 Growth and development

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 Leading causes of death and disability among adolescents are:

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

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