8.

2nd Order ODE

 8.1 Introduction √
 8.2 Linear Homogenous ODE with Constant Coefficient
√ roots
8.2.1 Two distinct real
8.2.2 Real Double roots √
√roots
8.2.3 Complex
 8.3 Linear non-homogenous ODE
√ ya
8.3.1 General solution,
√
8.3.2 Method of undetermined coefficient
√
8.3.3 Method of variation of parameter
 8.4 Euler-Cauchy Equation
 8.5 Initial Value and Boundary value problem
√
Second-Order Differential Equations

- Euler-Cauchy Equation
Homogeneous problem
= and
Non-homogeneous problem.

◦There are two ways to attack nonhomogeneous problem for

Cauchy-Euler equations.

1. Introduce x = ln t, transform it to constant-coefficient case,

then apply undetermined coefficients, or variation of
parameters;
2. Apply variation of parameters directly.
4