1/9/2023

BSH240-Differential
Equations
By
Dr. Mushtaq Ahmad Khan
LECTUER: 9-A
CLO: 3, PLO: 2, C: 3

Course contents for this lecture

 Solution of Cauchy Euler 2nd order nonhomogeneous differential

equation with variable coefficients.
 Method of variation of parameters for solution of 2nd order
differential equations.
Solution of 2nd order nonhomogeneous differential equation by
method of variation of parameters.

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Second Order Cauchy-Euler Equation with variable

coefficients.
The general form of second order Cauchy-Euler equation is given as under.

d2y dy
x2 2
 Ax  B y  F ( x ).
dx dx
Or
(x2D 2
 A x D  B ) y  F (x ).
Where A and B are constant values.
 In Cauchy-Euler equation the coefficients are always variables .
 the exponent/ power of x and the order of derivatives are always same.
Cauchy-Euler equation maybe homogeneous or nonhomogeneous ODE.

Method for solution of Cauchy-Euler Equation.

We use transformation method to convert the Cauchy- Euler equation into
homogenous/ Non-homogenous differential equation with constant
coefficients.

 By this transformation method, we replace

 xet  t linx and

xD   , x 2 D 2   (   1)

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Cont.

d d2
 Where   an d  
2
2 represents differential operators for
t. dt d t

 Replacing all the above values in Cauchy Euler equation and we will
get a new homogenous/nonhomogeneous high order ODE with
constant coefficients.
Which can be solved by particular integral method or undetermined
coefficient method.
 Then replace t= lnx to get the required solution.

Examples:

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Cont.

Cont.

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cont.

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cont.

cont.

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cont.

cont.

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Cont.

Home Work:

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