Environmental Pollution

Problems
DAILY LIFE POLLUTION
 - Prevent damage to skin
- UV filters
Sunscreen -
-
Organic = chemical
Inorganic = physical
WHY? MITIGATION ACTION
- UV agents end up in environment - Natural sun protection (e.g.
- Directly -> tourism Thanakha)
- Indirectly -> shower, urine, - Reduce tourism (e.g. Hawaiian
washing clothes islands)
- Harmful byproducts - Without known toxic UV filters
- e.g. Benzoic acid such as oxybenzone
- Harmful to environment (Han et
al., 2023)

(Chatzigianni et al., 2022)

 - Mining for metallic and non-
Industrial mining metallic resources
-
and ore processing lead and chromium = key
pollutants at mining sites
- favourable physico-chemical
properties

(Price & Gallagher, 2016)

WHY?
- Lead severely affects nervous
system -> impaired cognitive
function (Wani et al., 2015)
- Pollution of ground and surface
water
- Impacts agriculture and overall
health
- workers exposed via wastewater
and waste material
(Center for biological diversity, 2023)
MITIGATION ACTION
- Regulate lead usage
- Safe drinking water act (1991)
- Ban of lead ammunition (2010)
- Ban of lead fishing sinkers (1997,
Canada)
- Ban of lead in gasoline (1996)
 - Dye for blue jeans
- Natural indigo from
Indigo tinctoria
- Commercial indigo
= synthetic

Synthetic
Indigo
WHY? MITIGATION ACTION
- Indigo = toxic - fill lack of research
- Bioaccumulates in aquatic organisms - Replace synthetic indigo with
- EC50 concentration for algae = 100mg/L natural indigo
- Concentration often found in textile effluents - Education
- Impaired reproductive capacity zebra fish
- Morphological and physiological changes
- natural indigo = faster recovery

(Francisco et al., 2023)

References
Chatzigianni, M., Pavlou, P., Siamidi, A., Vlachou, M., Varvaresou, A., & Papageorgiou, S. (2022). Environmental impacts due to the use of sunscreen products: a
mini-review. Ecotoxicology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-022-02592-w

‌ rice, L. C., & Gallagher, S. (2016). The world’s worst pollution problems 2016: The toxics beneath our feet. Pure Earth.
P
http://www.worstpolluted.org/docs/WorldsWorst2016Spreads.pdf

‌ rancisco, R., Sofia Coelho Moreira, & Pereira, F. (2023). Toxic effects of synthetic and natural indigo dyes on Danio rerio reproduction. Studies in Environmental and
F
Animal Sciences, 4(1), 128–145. https://doi.org/10.54020/seasv4n1-010

Wani, A. L., Ara, A., & Usmani, J. A. (2015). Lead toxicity: a review. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 8(2), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1515/intox-2015-0009

‌ enter for Biological Diversity. (2023). Lead Hazard Reduction Timeline for Wildlife and Humans. Www.biologicaldiversity.org.
C
https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/get_the_lead_out/timeline.html

‌Department of Health NYS. (2010). Sources of Lead. Www.health.ny.gov. https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/lead/sources.htm

Han, U., Lee, Y.-G., Byeon, J., Chon, K., & Cho, S.-K. (2023). Mitigation of benzoic acid-driven autotoxicity in waste nutrient solution using O3 and O3/H2O2
treatments: Seed germination and root growth of Lactuca sativa L. Environmental Pollution, 331, 121930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121930

Images

Indigo plant: https://indigoarmour.com/products/botanical-print-indigofera-tinctoria

‌Zebrafish: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebrafish

Bark for thanakha: https://www.howtobearedhead.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Thanaka-natural-sunscreen-redhead-1024x594.jpg