Section Two

Effects of
Amplitude and
Phase
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 2-1
Amplitude and Phase

• Objectives
– Describe the effects of amplitude units on
frequency and time domain data.
– Define phase
– Explain the phase shifts associated with
amplitude units.
– Discuss the importance of Transducer
polarity.

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 2-1
Amplitude and Phase

• Units - both domains

– Displacement
– Velocity - (most common for trending)
– Acceleration

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 Amplitude Relationships

How the different units treat data...

Disp
Amplitude

lace
men
t

Frequency
Displacement accentuates LOW frequencies,
and attenuates HIGH frequencies.
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 Amplitude Relationships
Amplitude

at i on
l er
A cc e

Frequency
Acceleration accentuates HIGH frequencies,
and attenuates LOW frequencies.
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 Amplitude Relationships
Amplitude

Velocity

Frequency
Velocity does neither. It treats all frequencies equally.

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 Amplitude Relationships

Dis o n
p lac at i
em l e r
en ce
t Ac
Amplitude

Velocity

Frequency

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 2-2
Displacement
Both plots display the attenuation of high freqs.

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 2-2
Velocity
Presence of high frequency noise in the waveform

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 2-3
Acceleration
High frequency in spectrum, prominent in waveform

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 2-4
Phase relationships - Time
Photo Tach T


Amplitude
CL

Time
 t 2 (radians)
Phase  =
T
x
 t 360
Phase  =
T (degrees)
t

x

Single-Channel Phase Measurement (@ 1XTS)

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 Phase Relationships 2-4

in the Time Domain

• Phase
– Is a relationship
• simply the difference in time between two
events
• Two types of Phase
– Absolute & Relative
• Absolute Phase is the relationship of the peak
of vibration and a fixed reference signal.
• Relative Phase is the relationship between the
peak of two vibration signals.

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 2-5
2120 - Peak Phase LAB

– Press the Analyze Key

– Select the Monitor Mode
– Select Monitor Peak/Phase
• We will monitor 1X RPM or 1Order.
– Now we will look at phase is calculated.

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 2-6
Calculating Phase

1. __________ Time 1
2. __________ Time 2
Time
T __________

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 2-7
Calculating Phase

T

3. _________
2. _________ Time 3
_________ Time 2
 Time

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 2-7
Calculating Phase

t
Phase  = T  2 (radans)

t
Phase  = T  360(degrees)

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 2-8
2120 LAB - Phase vs. Amplitude Units

– Select the Analyze function

– Select the monitor mode
– Select monitor waveform
• we need to turn the trigger mode to TACH.

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 2-12
Phase vs. Amplitude Units

• Note : Basic units - Displacement

– Velocity leads displacement by 90°
– Acceleration leads velocity by 90°
– Acceleration leads displacement by 180°

Caution when comparing readings using different transducers

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2 - 19 of 24
 2-12
Phase vs. Amplitude Units
Velocity Sinewave
Displacement Sinewave
Acceleration Sinewave

90° 90°
time

The sinewaves above show the phase

relationship between the three most typically
used transducer types.

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 2-13
Transducer Polarity

• Phase shift - causes

– Machine induced?
– Other sources?
• Transducer configuration
– Internal wiring
– Same model and manufacturer
• Check polarity !

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 2-13
Transducer Polarity
Transducer A
Transducer B

Cross - channel phase data : above machine

Acclerometers : Same model / mfr., same orientation on
motor
Association : T.S. of motor
Expected shift : 5 or 10 degrees
Actual shift : 174.74 degrees
Cause : polarity difference, internal wiring of transducers
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 2-13
Transducer Polarity

Big Problem

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2 - 24 of 24