Electron Dot Diagrams / Lewis

Structures
Element, molecule, compound

 Cl2
H
 H2
 NaCl
 Zn
 I2
O
Chemical bond

 A chemical bond is an attraction

between atoms.
 Chemical bonds are the attractive forces
that hold atoms together in the form of
compounds. They are formed when
electrons are shared between two
atoms. There are 3 types of bonds.
 Bond – force that holds groups of atoms together and
makes them function as a unit
 Bond energy – energy required to break a chemical bond
Types of chemical bonding
Chemical bond
Electron Dot Diagrams
 Shows valence electrons around an atom

 Valence electrons – electrons in the outermost

energy level of an atom

 Valence electrons are only located in the outer

level “s” and “p” orbitals

 Valence electrons are shown in the outer

energy level of a “shell diagram”
Electron Shell Diagrams
 A shell diagram
shows all electrons,
but we are most
interested in the
electrons in the
outermost energy
level  called the
valence level or
valence shell.
Electron Dot Diagrams
 To draw:
1. Write chemical
symbol

2. Place one dot around

chemical symbol for
each valence electron
(up to eight dots)

3. All inner level electrons

and nucleus are
symbolized by the
chemical symbol
Electron Dot Diagrams
 Line up single dots
to form compounds
and to make either 2
or 8 electrons
around each
element. The
elements share their
single unpaired
electrons.
 In writing Lewis structures, we include only the
valence electrons.
 Most important requirement
 Atoms achieve noble gas electron configuration (octet
rule, duet rule).
 Bonding pairs are shared between 2 atoms.
• Unshared pairs (lone pairs) are not shared and not
involved in bonding.
Electron Dot Diagrams
 Some electrons are already paired up within a
single atom and are not shared. These are
called non-bonding / unshared pairs.
Electron Dot Diagrams

 Some elements
are able to share
more than one
pair of electrons
to form double
and triple bonds
 Concept Check

Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following

molecules:

H2
F2
HF
 Concept Check

Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following

molecules:

NH3
CO2
CCl4
 1. Draw the dot-cross structures of H2O,
HF, BCl3, NF3 molecules.
 2. For the HCl molecule, show its
 a) electron dot representation
 b) electron numbers of each atom
Electron Dot Diagrams
 Draw electron dot diagrams of the
following elements:
1. Carbon 6. Hydrogen
2. Nitrogen 7. Chlorine
3. Phosphorus 8. Argon
4. Boron 9. Iodine
5. Oxygen 10. Helium
Homework
 Draw electron dot diagrams of the
following compounds:
1. CCl4 6. H2O
2. N2O2 7. CH4
3. PBr3 8. SO2
4. BI3 9. NH3
10. SiO4
Find the mass of 5 mole of each
compound
1. CCl4 6. H2O
2. N2O2 7. CH4
3. PBr3 8. SO2
4. BI3 9. NH3
5. SiO4 10. MgSO4