3.

0 ROOFS

Building Construction (BEG150-CI)

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 ROOF
Roof is the uppermost protective covering provided over
the building.

 Functional requirements of roof

To keep out rain, wind, dust and snow.
For stability of building.
For durability and free from maintenance.
For fire safety.
Preventing excessive heat loss in winter.
To keep the interior cool in summer.
Provide resistance to the passage of sound.
Safety to occupants
Aesthetic beauty 2
 ROOF
 Types
1.0 Sloped roof
 This is the roof that has certain gradient (slope) with
respect to horizontal.
 Normally the sloped roof has the slope from 10 0 to 700.

2.0 Flat roof

 This is the roof that is relatively horizontal with nominal
gradient to drain off rainwater.
 The roof with slope below 100 is categorized as flat roof

3.0 Curved Roof

(a) Shelled roof
 This is the type of roof that has thin section with curved
surfaces; hyperbola, parabola, etc.
 Care must be taken in the construction.
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.
 ROOF
(b) Domed roof
 This is the curved roof having the roof area more
than semicircle (hemispherical shape).
 Dome has largest roof area compare to all types of
roofs.
 This can be constructed by the use of RCC or arch
technology
 Timber roofs

 Timber roofs are generally sloped roofs. They may

consists of single, double and or multiple numbers of
rafters in the roofing system with or with out
intermediate supports in it.
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ISOMETRIC VIEW OF TIMBER ROOF

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 1.0 SINGLE TIMBER ROOF
 One system of rafters with out any intermediate support,
Types:
a) Lean to roof - span limits 2.4 m, one side slope @30º,

b) Coupled roof - span limit 3.6 m, two side slope, Not very much
favored due to its tendency to spread out at the feet (wall plate level).

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c) Couple-close roof - span limit 5.0 m, two-side slope,
additional tie in wall level.

d) Collar roof - span limit 5.0 m, two-side slope, additional

tie above wall level.
e) Scissors roof - span limit 5.0 m, two-side slope,
scissors from wall level to center of roof slope.

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SINGLE TIMBER ROOF

Lean to Roof Coupled Roof Couple-closed Roof Collar Roof Scissors Roof

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Coupled Roof

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2.0 DOUBLE AND TRIPLE ROOFS
 Roof that has additional structural member (purlin) at mid
span is double roof or purlin roof.
 Double roofs are made up to the span of 7.5 m in general.
 Triple roofs are fundamentally the trusses roofs and are made
for span more than 7.5 m and has more than two structural
members in the roof.
Types of trusses
1. Kingpost truss (5-9 m)
2. Queen post truss (9-14 m)
3. Mansards truss
4. Truncated truss
5. Belfast truss (30.0 m)
6. Steel truss (<10.0 m)

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TYPES OF TRUSSES

Principal
Rafter
King post Tie Beam

Queen post Queen post

King-post Truss
Queen-post Mansard roof Truss
Truss

Tie Beam
Principal .Raf
ter

Queen post Queen post

Belfast Truss Truncated roof Truss

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 King Post Truss
King Post Truss

Queen Post Truss Queen Post Truss

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Mansard Roof Truss
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Belfast Roof Truss Composite Roof Truss
 ROOF COVERINGS
 Roof covering is the material used as a protective barrier over the
framework of roof structure.
 Types of roof covering
 CGI-Sheets-slope more than 250, lapping 15 cm on edge
 AC - Sheets
 Slates-slope more than 250, lapping 50-75%.
 Thatch-slope more than 400, thickness 10-15 cm
 Tiles-slope 200-450, lapping-single or double
 Wood singles
 Metal roofing
 Glass covering
 Bituminous felt
 Plastic sheets, etc

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CGI SHEETS

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AC SHEETS

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THATCH ROOF

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SLATES ROOF

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TILES ROOF

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GLASS ROOF

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TILE ROOF

Nail hole

10 to15 mm

camber

165mm

265 mm
Nib

Standard Plain Tiles

Single Lap
-Lighter
-Economical
Double Lap
-Heavier
-Uneconomical

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 ROOF COVERING

Lap and Gauge

 The overlapping of roof coverings is called LAP and
 Single lap: tiles are laid with overlapping side joints and min. lap may be of 50mm.
50mm
 Double lap: tiles are laid like the butt jointed plain tiles, more than 50 % of the tile is
overlapped.

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