WEATHERIZATION INSTALLER/TECHNICIAN FUNDAMENTALS

Windows and Doors

WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012

1 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov
 Learning Objectives
WINDOWS & DOORS

By attending this session, participants will be able to:

• List correct window terminology.

• State how windows lose and gain heat.
• Explain the savings-to-investment ratio (SIR) for window and
door replacement compared to other building shell retrofits.
• Identify various methods and materials for window and
door treatments.
• Discuss recommended window and door replacement criteria.
• Identify methods and techniques for replacing windows and
doors.

2 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov

 History
WINDOWS & DOORS

• Window and door treatments

were common before cost-
effectiveness requirements.
• Very popular with clients.
• Met required material-to-labor
cost ratios.
• Before blower doors were
common, couldn’t quantify
envelope leakage.

Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy

3 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov

 State of the Practice
WINDOWS & DOORS

• Blower doors identify air-sealing opportunities.

• Computerized energy audits list measures in order of SIR.
Windows and doors rank low.
• Window and door replacement is far less common.

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 Principles
WINDOWS & DOORS

Solar Heat Gain

So
Through Double lar
En Radiation
Radiation to
to indoors
indoors
er
Pane Insulated Window gy

Net
Net solar
solar
transmission
transmission
Reflected
Reflected
Heat
Heat absorbed
absorbed
by
by glass
glass

Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula

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 Comparison of SHGC and U-Factor
WINDOWS & DOORS

Glazing
U-factor SHG
Assembly
Single glass 1 0.87

Standard
0.50 0.75
insulated glass
Low-e, high SHGC
0.30 0.74
insulated glass
Low-e, low SHGC
0.30 0.41
insulated glass

Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy

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 NFRC Window Label
WINDOWS & DOORS

The NFRC rates windows on:

•U-factor.
•Solar heat gain coefficient.
•Visible Transmittance.
•Air leakage.
•Condensation resistance.

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 Heat Loss, Standard Window Assembly
WINDOWS & DOORS

• Radiation from indoors

to outdoors
• Conduction through
glass and spacers
• Convection adjacent Indoors
to interior and exterior
glass surfaces

Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula

8 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov

 Heat Loss, Improved Window Assembly
WINDOWS & DOORS

Improved
Improved spacer
spacer

• Low-e coating on outdoor

side of inner pane
• Improved spacer Low-e
Low-e coating
coating

• Gas filled air space

Gas
Gas filled
filled air
air space
space

Indoors
Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula

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 Window Terminology
WINDOWS & DOORS

Typical
Head
Head Jamb
Jamb
Wood Window
Upper
Upper Sash
Sash

Exterior Glass
Glass Plane
Plane

Side
Side Jamb
Jamb

Lower
Lower Sash
Sash

Stop
Stop Trim
Trim

Sill
Sill
(sloped)
(sloped)
Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula

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 Window Types
WINDOWS & DOORS

Casement Awning Picture Double Slider

Hung

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 Window Treatments
WINDOWS & DOORS

V-Channels
V-Channels
Where applicable:
• Replace broken glass Stop
Stop
Upper
Upper Sash
Sash
• Replace broken sash locks
• Weatherstrip meeting rails
and sliding surfaces
• Install pulley seals
• Caulk interior trim
Lower
Lower Sash
Sash

Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula

12 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov

 Glass Replacement
WINDOWS & DOORS

• Remove broken pane.

• Measure opening, and
cut new pane from
glass sheet.
• Install, point, and glaze
replacement pane.

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

13 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov

 Guidelines for Window Replacement
WINDOWS & DOORS

Window replacement is not cost-effective unless:

• The existing window creates a hazard to health, safety, or building
durability.
• The existing window is damaged or weathered beyond repair and
the replacement material and labor cost is less than the cost of
repair.
Always attempt to repair or improve existing windows before
considering replacement.
• Window replacement should not be considered a measure to
reduce air infiltration or as a health and safety measure.
Window selection should reflect the climate.
• Choose high SHGC in cold climates and low SHGC in hot climates.
• Look for low-e coatings on interior panes in cold climates and on
exterior panes in hot climates.
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 In-Jamb Replacement Method
(Double Hung Window)
WINDOWS & DOORS

• Remove existing frame, sash pulley weights etc.

Tip: Score all painted joints with a sharp utility knife prior to removal
of window trim. Use a thin bladed pry bar to prevent marring the trim.

• Install a complete vinyl unit that fits inside the existing frame
against the exterior window stops.
• Seal perimeter with low expanding foam to ensure an
air tight installation.
• Reinstall existing interior trim and seal with caulk.
• Always employ lead safe work practices when lead
based paint will be disturbed.

15 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov

 In-jamb Replacement Method
(Double Hung Window)
WINDOWS & DOORS

Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy

16 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov

 In-Jamb Replacement Method
(Double Hung Window)
WINDOWS & DOORS

Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy

17 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov

 In-Jamb Replacement Method
(Double Hung Window)
WINDOWS & DOORS

Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy

18 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov

 In-Jamb Replacement Method
(Double Hung Window)
WINDOWS & DOORS

Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy

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 • Windows and Doors

2. Wet surfaces
1. Protect the floor prior to removal

3. Clean as you go 4. Dispose of old

windows properly

Photos courtesy of US Department of Energy

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 Mobile Home Jalousie Windows
WINDOWS & DOORS

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

Always install factory replacement single-hung or “slider”

units that include self-storing storm windows.

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 Mobile Home Window Replacement
WINDOWS & DOORS

Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy

Measure rough openings and acquire the replacements before

removing any windows from the home.
Always insist on factory-replacement windows.

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 Other Allowable Window Treatments
WINDOWS & DOORS

• Interior storm windows

• Moveable
insulation systems
• Education, encouraging
clients to use:
– Simple methods for high
and low ventilation during
warm periods
– Draperies during cold
periods

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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 Doors
WINDOWS & DOORS

• Replacements are not cost

effective because of their high
cost and relatively low impact
on energy savings.
• Potentially significant air
leakage and comfort issues
are due to operational
problems and poor seals.

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

24 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov

 Door Terminology
WINDOWS & DOORS

Top
Top Rail
Rail

Hinge
Hinge

Panel
Panel

Hinge
Hinge Stile
Stile

Mullion
Mullion Stop
Stop
Lock
Lock Stile
Stile

Jamb
Jamb

Lock
Lock Rail
Rail

Casing
Casing

Threshold
Threshold
Bottom
Bottom Rail
Rail

Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula

25 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov

 Door Repair and Replacement
WINDOWS & DOORS

Replace doors only when cost-effective as

an envelope measure.

•Reduce air leakage.

•Ensure proper closure.

Weatherization measures must have an SIR

equal to or greater than 1. Sweep
Sweep

Threshold
Threshold

Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula

26 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov

 Notes on Door Replacement
WINDOWS & DOORS

• Replace the existing door with a solid core wood door blank.
Use this method only if the existing rough opening is reasonably
square and the frame is in good shape.

• Consider a pre-hung energy efficient unit that will fit the

rough opening.
This is accomplished in much less time than retrofitting a door blank.

• Manufacture doors on site for special situations such as

open coal access areas adjacent to conditioned basements.
• Must employ lead-safe work practices when lead-based
paint will be disturbed.

27 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov

 Mobile Home Doors
WINDOWS & DOORS

• Use a factory replacement

exterior pre-hung single
door unit.
• Door framing may have
to be replaced or the
floor repaired.

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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 Mobile Home DHWT Closets
WINDOWS & DOORS

• Replace deteriorated doors

with factory replacements.
• Specify louvered doors if
the home has fossil-fueled
appliances to ensure
adequate combustion air.

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

29 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov

 Summary
WINDOWS & DOORS

• Window and door retrofits should be limited to minor

repairs and weatherstripping.
• Window and door replacements are generally not
cost-effective and should only be considered as a last resort.
• Consider the climate when selecting replacement windows.
• Use lead-safe work practices when disturbing
lead-based paint.
• Follow manufacturer’s instructions for measuring, specifying,
and installing windows.

30 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 eere.energy.gov