FACULITY OF TVET LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

DEPARTMENT OF TVET LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

POST GRADUATE STUDIES

COURSE NAME: POLICY ANALYSIS AND IMPLMENTATION

ASSIGNMENT TITLE: ANALYSES ON THE HEALTH POLICY OF THE TRANSITIONAL

GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA ( Sept.1993).

GROUP ASSIGNMENT
 THE HEALTH POLICY OF THE TRANSITIONAL
GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA
Introduction
• The Health Policy of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia outlines the country's
efforts to address healthcare challenges and improve the well-being of its population
• The document highlights key health parameters that have placed Ethiopia among the least
privileged nations in the world, including high infant and maternal mortality rates,
morbidity and mortality from communicable diseases, malnutrition, and low average life
expectancy
• The Health Policy emphasizes the importance of democratization and decentralization of
the health service system, development of preventive and promotive healthcare
components, and the promotion of attitudes and practices conducive to national self-
reliance in health development.
 Comprehensive Health
Services Policy: Towards Technical Assistance: The WHO
the end of the Imperial provided technical assistance and
period, the WHO initiated expertise to Ethiopian health
The contribution efforts to develop a
comprehensive Health
authorities in formulating and
implementing health policies and
of WHO to the Services Policy for
Ethiopia
programs

development of
Ethiopia's health
services policy
Emphasis on Prevention: The Capacity Building: Through
WHO's collaboration with training programs, workshops, and
Ethiopia likely emphasized the knowledge sharing, the WHO
importance of disease contributed to capacity building
prevention and control within within Ethiopia's health sector
the healthcare system
 Policy Formulation: The
WHO's involvement in the
The contribution development of Ethiopia's
of WHO to the
development of
health services policy may
Ethiopia's health have included providing
services policy technical inputs, best
practices, and evidence-
based recommendations to
guide policy formulation.
The Challenges that Limited Resources: One of the
Faced in primary challenges was the
limited availability of resources,
Geographical Barriers: Ethiopia's
rugged terrain and dispersed
Implementing the including funding, healthcare
infrastructure, medical supplies,
population presented geographical
challenges in reaching remote and

Comprehensive and trained healthcare

professionals
rural areas with healthcare services

Health Services
Policy during the
Imperial Period
Limited Community Engagement:
Health Workforce Shortages: A
The policy may have faced
shortage of skilled healthcare
challenges in engaging and
professionals, including doctors,
mobilizing communities to actively
nurses, and midwives, posed a
participate in healthcare initiatives
significant challenge to
implementing the comprehensive
health services policy
The Challenges that Faced in Implementing the
Comprehensive Health Services Policy during the
Imperial Period

Lack of Monitoring and

Political Instability: Ethiopia
experienced political instability
during the Imperial period,
which could have disrupted
healthcare delivery and policy
implementation
Evaluation: Inadequate
monitoring and evaluation
mechanisms may have limited
the ability to track progress,
measure outcomes, and make
informed decisions about the
effectiveness of the health
services policy
 Strength of the Transitional Government
of Ethiopia Health Policy
• Comprehensive Approach: The policy addresses
a wide range of health issues, including maternal
and child health, communicable diseases,
malnutrition, and healthcare access.
• Focus on Preventive and Promotive Healthcare:
The policy emphasizes the importance of
preventive and promotive healthcare components,
highlighting the significance of addressing health
issues before they escalate and promoting healthy
behaviors within the population
• Equitable and Accessible Health Services: The
policy aims to ensure that a standard of health
service is equitable and accessible to all segments
of the population.
Strength…… contd…
• Inter-sectorial Collaboration: The policy
underscores the importance of strengthening
inter-sectorial activities, recognizing that health
outcomes are influenced by factors beyond the
healthcare system
• Mobilization of Resources: The policy
emphasizes the mobilization of internal and
external resources for health development
• Collaboration with Stakeholders: The policy
highlights the importance of collaboration with
neighboring countries, regional and international
organizations, and the private sector
 Weakness of the Health Policy of the
Transitional Government of Ethiopia
• Implementation Challenges: One of the weaknesses
of the policy may lie in its implementation, as
previous regimes in Ethiopia have struggled to
translate health policies into effective action
• Resource Constraints: The policy emphasizes the
mobilization of resources for health development, but
resource constraints could hinder the implementation
of healthcare programs and initiatives
• Political Instability: Ethiopia has experienced
political upheavals and instability, which can disrupt
healthcare delivery and policy implementation
 Weakness…. Contd…

• Limited Capacity Building: While the policy

mentions the development of appropriate capacity
building based on assessed needs, limited investment
in healthcare workforce training and infrastructure
development could hinder the delivery of quality
healthcare services
• Inadequate Monitoring and Evaluation: Without
robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms in place,
it may be challenging to assess the impact of the policy
on health outcomes and make necessary adjustments
• Lack of Community Engagement: The policy
emphasizes the importance of popular participation
and community involvement in health development
The effectiveness of the Health Policy of
the Transitional Government of Ethiopia
• Long-Term Impact: Evaluating the long-term
impact of the policy on key health indicators
such as infant and maternal mortality rates, life
expectancy, disease prevalence, and access to
healthcare services can provide insights into its
effectiveness
• Healthcare Access: Assessing the extent to
which the policy has improved access to
healthcare services for all segments of the
population, especially in rural and underserved
areas, can indicate its effectiveness in addressing
healthcare disparities
 The effectiveness of the Health Policy of the
Transitional Government of Ethiopia
Contd…
• Preventive Healthcare: Examining the policy's
impact on preventive and promotive healthcare
measures, such as vaccination coverage, health
education programs, and disease prevention
initiatives, can help determine its effectiveness in
reducing the burden of preventable diseases.
• Inter-sectorial Collaboration: Measuring the
success of inter-sectoral collaboration efforts in
addressing social determinants of health, such as
access to clean water, sanitation, nutrition, and
housing, can indicate the policy's effectiveness in
promoting holistic health outcomes.
The effectiveness of the Health Policy of the
Transitional Government of Ethiopia
Community Engagement: Assessing
the level of community participation
and engagement in healthcare
decision-making, planning, and
implementation processes can
indicate the policy's effectiveness in
mobilizing community support and
ownership of health initiatives
Resource Allocation: Evaluating the
allocation and utilization of resources
for healthcare development, including
funding, infrastructure, healthcare
workforce, and medical supplies, can
provide insights into the policy's
effectiveness in strengthening the
healthcare system
The effectiveness of the Health Policy of the
Transitional Government of Ethiopia
contd…

• Monitoring and Evaluation: Reviewing the

monitoring and evaluation mechanisms put in
place to track progress, measure outcomes, and
make evidence-based decisions can help
determine the policy's effectiveness in achieving
its objectives and making necessary adjustments
The criteria that help us to evaluate the
health policy of the Transitional Government
of Ethiopia
• Health Outcomes: Assess the impact of the policy on key
health indicators such as infant mortality rates, maternal
mortality rates, life expectancy, disease prevalence, and
access to healthcare services
• Equity and Access: Evaluate the policy's success in
ensuring equitable access to healthcare services for all
segments of the population, including marginalized and
underserved communities
• Preventive Healthcare: Measure the policy's
effectiveness in promoting preventive healthcare
measures, such as vaccination coverage, health education
programs, disease prevention initiatives, and lifestyle
interventions
The criteria Inter-sectorial Community
Resource
allocation:
Monitoring and
evaluation: examine
collaboration:
that help us assess the extent to
engagement:
evaluate the level
review the the monitoring and
evaluation
which the policy allocation and
to evaluate has fostered
of community
participation and utilization of
mechanisms in place
to track progress,
the health collaboration with
other sectors to
engagement in resources for
healthcare
measure outcomes,
and make evidence-
healthcare
policy of the address social
determinants of
decision-making, development, based decisions
planning, and including
Transitional health, such as implementation funding,
access to clean
Government water, sanitation,
processes infrastructure,
healthcare
nutrition, and
of Ethiopia housing workforce, and
medical supplies
The criteria to evaluate…..

• Policy Coherence: Evaluate

the coherence of the health
policy with other national
policies and strategies, such
as those related to social
welfare, education, and
economic development
Summary
• Historical Context: Ethiopia has faced
significant challenges in socio-economic
development, political stability, and healthcare
access.
• Policy Objectives: The Health Policy of the
Transitional Government of Ethiopia, developed
in September 1993, aimed to democratize and
decentralize the health service system, develop
preventive and promotive healthcare
components, ensure equitable access to
healthcare, promote intersectoral collaboration,
and mobilize resources for health development
Contd…
• Challenges: Implementing the comprehensive
health services policy during the Imperial period
faced challenges such as limited resources,
geographical barriers, health workforce
shortages, limited community engagement,
political instability, and lack of monitoring and
evaluation mechanisms.
• WHO Contribution: The World Health
Organization played a significant role in
supporting Ethiopia's health policy
development by providing technical assistance,
emphasizing preventive healthcare measures,
capacity building, and policy formulation
guidance.
Contd…
• Evaluation Criteria: To assess the existing
health policy of the Transitional Government,
criteria such as health outcomes, equity and
access, preventive healthcare, intersectoral
collaboration, community engagement, resource
allocation, monitoring and evaluation, and
policy coherence are essential
Conclusion
• In conclusion, the health policy of the
Transitional Government of Ethiopia represents
a critical step towards addressing the country's
healthcare challenges and improving population
health outcomes.
• The policy emphasizes democratization,
decentralization, preventive care, equity, and
inter-sectorial collaboration to enhance
healthcare access and quality for all segments of
the population.
Conclusion

• To maximize the impact of the health policy, it is

essential to consider alternative strategies such
as strengthening primary healthcare, expanding
community health worker programs, enhancing
health information systems, fostering public-
private partnerships, investing in capacity
building, launching health promotion
campaigns, and exploring innovative financing
models
 Recommendations
• Strengthening Primary Healthcare: Prioritize investments in primary healthcare
services to improve access to essential health services, promote preventive care,
and address the root causes of health issues at the community level

• Community Health Worker Programs: Expand community health worker

programs to increase healthcare access in remote and underserved areas

• Health Information Systems: Enhance health information systems to strengthen

monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, track health indicators, and inform
evidence-based decision-making

• Public-Private Partnerships: Foster collaborations with the private sector and

non-governmental organizations to leverage additional resources, expertise, and
innovations in healthcare delivery
Recomm
endation
Capacity Building: Invest in
s healthcare workforce training,
education, and professional
development to address skill
gaps, improve service quality,
and enhance workforce
retention
Health Promotion
Campaigns: Launch
Innovative Financing
Models: Explore innovative
targeted health promotion financing models, such as
social health insurance
campaigns to raise
awareness, change schemes, community-based
behaviors, and promote financing mechanisms, or
healthy lifestyles among public-private partnerships
the population in healthcare financing
THANK YOU