GROUP 2

EXPOSURE AND
VULNERABILITY
UNIT 2
 LESSON OUTCOMES

●Enumerate elements exposed to hazards.

●Explain the meaning of vulnerability.
●Explain why certain sectors of society are more vulnerable to disasters
than others.
 LESSON OUTCOMES

●Analyze why certain structures are more vulnerable to specific hazards than others.
●Determine the elements that are exposed to a particular hazard.
●Recognize vulnerabilities of different elements exposed to specific hazards.
 LESSON OUTCOMES

●Differentiate among hazards, exposure, and vulnerabilities and give examples from
actual situations.
●Value collaboration with peers.
●Tackle challenges and create opportunities.
●Promote accountability in the community.
 LESSON 3:
VULNERABILITY OF
CERTAIN STRUCTURES TO
HAZARDS
VULNERABILITY
Vulnerability is defined for buildings as
the degree of loss resulting from a hazard
at a certain severity level and depends on
the reduction in resistance and the level of
decay in the structures as a result of
constant exposure to environmental factors
(such as seismic actions).
 TYPES OF PHYSICAL
STRUCTURES

ENGINEERED BUILDINGS

NON-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS

OWNER-BUILT STRUCTURES
ENGINEERED
BUILDINGS
These structures follow building
codes. These are designed, planned,
and built by licensed structural
engineers and architects.
 NON-
ENGINEERED
BUILDINGS
These structures are designed by
unlicensed engineers and architects.
They are built without a permit.
OWNER-BUILT
STRUCTURES
Like non-engineered construction,
these structures do not have building
permits and do not follow safety
standards for buildings and houses.
TYPES OF VULNERABILITY IN PHYSICAL
STRUCTURES
THREE STRUCTURES (FOUND IN
THE COMMUNITY OR SCHOOL)
ARE VULNERABLE TO HAZARDS:
 STRUCTURE:
BROKEN STAIRS.
Hazard to which it is vulnerable: It can
cause teachers and students to fall.
Course of action: Make repairs to the
stairs as soon as possible.
 STRUCTURE:
HOLLOW CEILING.
Hazard to which it is vulnerable:
This can cause water leaks and
electrical shorts.
Course of action: Repairing holes
in the ceiling.
 STRUCTURE:
WET FLOOR.
Hazard to which it is vulnerable:
Causing people to slip and fall.
Course of action: Put a wet floor
sign.
THAT’S ALL.
THANK YOU!