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Unit 2
Exposure and Vulnerability

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

LEARNING TARGETS

At the end of this unit, you should be able to do

the following:
● Enumerate elements exposed to hazards.
● Explain the meaning of vulnerability.
● Explain why certain sectors of society are more vulnerable to disasters than
others.
LEARNING TARGETS

At the end of this unit, you should be able to do

the following:
● Analyze why certain structures are more vulnerable to specific hazards than
others.
● Determine the elements that are exposed to a particular hazard.
● Recognize vulnerabilities of different elements exposed to specific hazards.
● Differentiate among hazards, exposure, and vulnerabilities and give examples
from actual situations.
VALUES AND ATTITUDES

In this unit, you should be able to do the

following:
● Value collaboration with peers.
● Tackle challenges and create opportunities.
● Promote accountability in the community.
Lesson 3
Vulnerability of Certain Structures to
Hazards

Unit 2| Exposure and Vulnerability

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

6
STARTING OUT

Short Neighborhood Analysis

Inspect parts of the school and assess if they are built with materials that can
withstand disasters such as typhoons and earthquakes. List down the materials
that protect an area from disasters.
Types of Physical Structures

These structures follow building codes. These are

Engineered Buildings designed, planned, and built by licensed structural
engineers and architects.

These structures are designed by unlicensed engineers

Non-engineered Buildings
and architects. They are built without a permit.

Like non-engineered construction, these structures do

Owner-Built Structures not have building permits and do not follow safety
standards for buildings and houses.
Owner-built buildings
Types of Vulnerability in Physical Structures

Structural Non-Structural
● location ● walls
● number of surrounding buildings ● ceilings
● number of stories ● light fixtures
● shape and symmetry ● doors and windows
● age of building ● electrical equipment
● typology ● mechanical equipment
● alterations ● plumbing
● maintenance ● electrical installation
Stoplight

STOP CONTINUE START

REFERENCES
“Fundamental Roles of the Yokohama Disaster Risk Reduction Learning Center.” Yokohama Disaster Risk Learning
Center. Accessed November 13, 2022. https://bo-sai.city.yokohama.lg.jp/en/about.

“Volcano Monitoring (Alert Levels).” Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. August 8, 2018.
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcano-alert-level.

Arya, Anand S., Anup Karanth, and Ankush Agarwal. 2012. Hazards, Disasters, and Your Community: A Primer for
Parliamentarians, ver. 1 (New Delhi: Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs National Disaster
Management Division).
https://ndmindia.mha.gov.in/images/public-awareness/Primer%20for%20Parliamentarians.pdf.

Behlert, Benedikt, Rouven Diekjobst, Carsten Felgentreff, Timeela Manandhar, Peter Mucke, Ludger Pries, Katrin
Radtke, and Daniel Weller. 2020. WorldRiskReport 2020 – Focus: Forced Displacement and Migration. (Berlin:
Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft). https://weltrisikobericht.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/WRR_2020_online_.pdf.

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