Equipment's used for Nuclear

Medicine
 Equipment's
• Ionization chambers
• Dose calibrator
• Gamma scintillation Camera
• Positron emission Tomography (PET)
• Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT)
• Radiation Monitor Geiger Muller Counter
• Detectors
• Computers
 Ionization Chambers
• An ionization chamber is a type of radiation
detection device. In an ionization chamber,
two opposing electrodes are placed in a
container filled with gas, and a high voltage is
applied. As the charged particles (radiation)
pass through the gas, the gas molecules are
ionized to produce ions and electrons.
 Dose Calibrators
• A dose calibrator (radioisotope calibrator) is a
device used in radiological research that
measures the total amount of a radionuclide
in units of curies (Ci) or millicuries (mCi), or in
the SI units Becquerel's (Bq) with an
appropriate prefix. It consists of a hollow, lead
shielded cylinder, in which samples of
radionuclides are lowered for measurement.
 Gamma scintillation Camera

• The scintillator is the component of a gamma

camera which receives the gamma rays
emitted from a radionuclide in a nuclear
medicine scan and converts it to visible light
photons. It is located just behind the
collimator device.
 How does a scintillation camera work?

• In a scintillation camera the x,y coordinate of

each gamma ray interaction in the detector is
determined and a spot of light is
electronically generated in a corresponding
position on the face of a display device (CRT).
Each such spot contributes to the latent image
on photographic film.
 Positron emission Tomography (PET)

• Positron emission tomography (PET) is a type of nuclear

medicine procedure that measures metabolic activity
of the cells of body tissues. PET is actually a
combination of nuclear medicine and biochemical
analysis.
• Positron emission tomography (PET) scans are used to
produce detailed three-dimensional images of the
inside of the body. The images can clearly show the
part of the body being investigated, including any
abnormal areas, and can highlight how well certain
functions of the body are working.
 Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT)

• A single-photon emission computerized

tomography (SPECT) scan lets your doctor analyze
your body's organs, tissue and bones. A SPECT scan is
a type of nuclear imaging test, which means it uses a
radioactive substance and a special camera to create
3D pictures.
• Single-photon emission computed tomography
(SPECT) is a nuclear imaging modality used frequently
in diagnostic medicine. It allows the clinician to assess
the perfusion and functionality of specific tissues.
 Radiation Monitor Geiger Muller Counter

• Geiger counter is a device which is used to detect

and measure particles in ionized gases. It is widely
used in applications like radiological protection,
radiation dosimetry, and experimental physics.
• A Geiger counter has two main parts—a sealed
tube, or chamber, filled with gas, and an
information display. Radiation enters the tube and
when it collides with the gas, it pushes an
electron away from the gas atom and creates an
ion pair.
 Detectors

• Various detectors are used in imaging and

localizing the internal distribution of
radioactivity within the patient. Examples of
such detectors are the gamma camera, PET-CT,
SPECT-CT, PET-MRI, thyroid probes, gamma
probes for sentinel node detection, organ-
specific (cardiac, breast, etc.)