skull views

• Four standard views are often obtained.

• An AP view
• Two lateral view
• Towne's view: The Towne's view is an AP view with the
neck flexed forward. visualizes the petrous part of the
pyramids, the dorsum sellae and the posterior clinoid
processes, which are visible in the shadow of the foramen
magnum
•
Townes view
 AP VIEW LATERAL VIEW
 FACIAL BONE VIEW
• A basic facial series consists of three or four
films:
• Waters view (PA view with cephalad
angulation),
• Caldwell view (PA view for facial sinus or facial
bone fracture )
• lateral view
• If a nasal fracture is suspected, then a lateral
view of the nasal bone
Caldwell view Water view
 CERVICAL VIEW
• An adequate cervical spine series includes three
views:
• a true lateral view: which must include all seven cervical
vertebrae as well as the C7-T1 junction,
• an antero posterior view and
• an open-mouth odontoid view. is an AP projection of
C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) with the patient's mouth open.
• George's Line is evaluated on a lateral x-ray of the cervical spine. It is
simply a line drawn on the posterior of each vertebral body along the
entire cervical spine.
 AP and lateral Open mouth odontoid view
 Clavicle view
• An anteroposterior (AP) view and a 45°
cephalic tilt view are standard for the initial
radiographic evaluation.
 Shoulder
• Anterior-Posterior (AP) view
the lateral and y view